TY - JOUR

T1 - Antibiotic residues in livestock manure

T2 - Does the EU risk assessment sufficiently protect against microbial toxicity and selection of resistant bacteria in the environment?

AU - Menz, Jakob

AU - Olsson, Oliver

AU - Kümmerer, Klaus

PY - 2019/11/5

Y1 - 2019/11/5

N2 - Antibiotic residues that reach the environment via land application of livestock manure could impact structure and function of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To assess whether there is a risk, we have reviewed extensive data on five veterinary antibiotics (VAs) that are commonly used in livestock farming (amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, trimethoprim). Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) after the medication of pigs were derived using (i) a total residue approach and (ii) the VetCalc model to account for additional fate parameters and regional scenarios specific to Germany. Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for microbial toxicity and ARB selection were derived from available concentration-response data. Except for enrofloxacin, the total residue PECs exceeded 100 μg kg-1 in soil and risk quotients indicated a high risk for soil porewater and surface water (PEC/PNEC > 1). After PEC refinement, the risk in surface water was generally low. However, in soil porewater still a high risk was indicated for sulfadiazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim that could persist up to 100 days after the manure application. These findings suggest an urgent need for regulatory action to mitigate the risk resulting from the presence of antibiotic residues in soil.

AB - Antibiotic residues that reach the environment via land application of livestock manure could impact structure and function of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To assess whether there is a risk, we have reviewed extensive data on five veterinary antibiotics (VAs) that are commonly used in livestock farming (amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, trimethoprim). Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) after the medication of pigs were derived using (i) a total residue approach and (ii) the VetCalc model to account for additional fate parameters and regional scenarios specific to Germany. Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for microbial toxicity and ARB selection were derived from available concentration-response data. Except for enrofloxacin, the total residue PECs exceeded 100 μg kg-1 in soil and risk quotients indicated a high risk for soil porewater and surface water (PEC/PNEC > 1). After PEC refinement, the risk in surface water was generally low. However, in soil porewater still a high risk was indicated for sulfadiazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim that could persist up to 100 days after the manure application. These findings suggest an urgent need for regulatory action to mitigate the risk resulting from the presence of antibiotic residues in soil.

KW - Antimicrobial resistance

KW - Soil

KW - Surface water

KW - VetCalc

KW - Veterinary antibiotic

KW - Chemistry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068236020&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120807

DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120807

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 31279308

AN - SCOPUS:85068236020

VL - 379

JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials

JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials

SN - 0304-3894

M1 - 120807

ER -