Pharmaceuticals in Water Supplies
Research output: Contributions to collected editions/works › Articles for encyclopedia › Research
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Encyclopedia of Water Science. ed. / Stanley W. Trimble; B. A. Stewart; Terry A. Howell. Vol. 2 2. ed. CRC Press, 2007.
Research output: Contributions to collected editions/works › Articles for encyclopedia › Research
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TY - CHAP
T1 - Pharmaceuticals in Water Supplies
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
PY - 2007/12/26
Y1 - 2007/12/26
N2 - Pharmaceuticals are applied in human and veterinary medicine and are excreted in urine and feces. The unchanged drugs or (still active) metabolites excreted by humans and animals end up in sewage and manure (Fig. 1). Unused medicines are sometimes disposed of down drains. Within the last decade, pharmaceuticals have been detected in sewage, surface water, ground water, and drinking water. This indicates that they are not fully eliminated by sewage treatment or in the aquatic environment.1-41, 2, 3, 4 We describe the occurrence, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.
AB - Pharmaceuticals are applied in human and veterinary medicine and are excreted in urine and feces. The unchanged drugs or (still active) metabolites excreted by humans and animals end up in sewage and manure (Fig. 1). Unused medicines are sometimes disposed of down drains. Within the last decade, pharmaceuticals have been detected in sewage, surface water, ground water, and drinking water. This indicates that they are not fully eliminated by sewage treatment or in the aquatic environment.1-41, 2, 3, 4 We describe the occurrence, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.
KW - pharmaceutical
KW - pharmaceuticals
KW - SUPPLIES
KW - WATER
KW - Sewage
KW - Surface water
KW - Ground water
KW - Drinking water
KW - Aquatic environment
KW - Fate
KW - effect
KW - pharmaceutical
KW - pharmaceuticals
KW - SUPPLIES
KW - WATER
KW - Chemistry
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/c40bb504-39d5-3070-b34e-36d485696917/
U2 - 10.1201/NOE0849396274
DO - 10.1201/NOE0849396274
M3 - Articles for encyclopedia
SN - 0-8493-9616-6
SN - 978-0-8493-9616-8
VL - 2
BT - Encyclopedia of Water Science
A2 - Trimble, Stanley W.
A2 - Stewart, B. A.
A2 - Howell, Terry A.
PB - CRC Press
ER -