As the impact of climate change on water resources intensifies, sustainable chemistry is emerging as a key player in comprehensive water management. Recent progress in advanced water treatment technologies, green technologies, and interdisciplinary collaborations are paving the way for innovative and more sustainable solutions. By integrating climate-responsive methodologies, adaptive strategies are being developed for dynamic water systems. A holistic approach that combines sustainable chemistry, policy frameworks, and social sciences is crucial to addressing current and future challenges. To ensure fair and just access to clean water for all, collaborative efforts between these fields are essential. This review emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable solutions and highlights the essential role of sustainable chemistry in addressing the water challenges amplified by climate change.