TY - CHAP

T1 - Pharmaceuticals in Water Supplies

AU - Kümmerer, Klaus

PY - 2007/12/26

Y1 - 2007/12/26

N2 - Pharmaceuticals are applied in human and veterinary medicine and are excreted in urine and feces. The unchanged drugs or (still active) metabolites excreted by humans and animals end up in sewage and manure (Fig. 1). Unused medicines are sometimes disposed of down drains. Within the last decade, pharmaceuticals have been detected in sewage, surface water, ground water, and drinking water. This indicates that they are not fully eliminated by sewage treatment or in the aquatic environment.1-41, 2, 3, 4 We describe the occurrence, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.

AB - Pharmaceuticals are applied in human and veterinary medicine and are excreted in urine and feces. The unchanged drugs or (still active) metabolites excreted by humans and animals end up in sewage and manure (Fig. 1). Unused medicines are sometimes disposed of down drains. Within the last decade, pharmaceuticals have been detected in sewage, surface water, ground water, and drinking water. This indicates that they are not fully eliminated by sewage treatment or in the aquatic environment.1-41, 2, 3, 4 We describe the occurrence, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.

KW - pharmaceutical

KW - pharmaceuticals

KW - SUPPLIES

KW - WATER

KW - Sewage

KW - Surface water

KW - Ground water

KW - Drinking water

KW - Aquatic environment

KW - Fate

KW - effect

KW - pharmaceutical

KW - pharmaceuticals

KW - SUPPLIES

KW - WATER

KW - Chemistry

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/c40bb504-39d5-3070-b34e-36d485696917/

U2 - 10.1201/NOE0849396274

DO - 10.1201/NOE0849396274

M3 - Articles for encyclopedia

SN - 0-8493-9616-6

SN - 978-0-8493-9616-8

VL - 2

BT - Encyclopedia of Water Science

A2 - Trimble, Stanley W.

A2 - Stewart, B. A.

A2 - Howell, Terry A.

PB - CRC Press

ER -