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Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood

Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review

Standard

Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood. / Steffan, Adrian; Zimmer, Lucie; Arias-Trejo, Natalia et al.
In: Infancy, Vol. 29, No. 1, 01.01.2024, p. 31-55.

Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Steffan, A, Zimmer, L, Arias-Trejo, N, Bohn, M, Dal Ben, R, Flores-Coronado, MA, Franchin, L, Garbisch, I, Grosse Wiesmann, C, Hamlin, K, Havron, N, Hay, JF, Hermansen, TK, Jakobsen, KV, Kalinke, S, Ko, ES, Kulke, L, Mayor, J, Meristo, M, Moreau, D, Mun, S, Prein, J, Rakoczy, H, Rothmaler, K, Santos Oliveira, D, Simpson, EA, Sirois, S, Smith, ES, Strid, K, Tebbe, AL, Thiele, M, Yuen, F & Schuwerk, T 2024, 'Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood', Infancy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12564, https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7924h

APA

Steffan, A., Zimmer, L., Arias-Trejo, N., Bohn, M., Dal Ben, R., Flores-Coronado, M. A., Franchin, L., Garbisch, I., Grosse Wiesmann, C., Hamlin, K., Havron, N., Hay, J. F., Hermansen, T. K., Jakobsen, K. V., Kalinke, S., Ko, E. S., Kulke, L., Mayor, J., Meristo, M., ... Schuwerk, T. (2024). Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood. Infancy, 29(1), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12564, https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7924h

Vancouver

Steffan A, Zimmer L, Arias-Trejo N, Bohn M, Dal Ben R, Flores-Coronado MA et al. Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood. Infancy. 2024 Jan 1;29(1):31-55. Epub 2023 Oct 18. doi: 10.1111/infa.12564, 10.31234/osf.io/7924h

Bibtex

@article{be037aa7eb0944f49f4839c4ab2d7832,
title = "Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood",
abstract = "Measuring eye movements remotely via the participant's webcam promises to be an attractive methodological addition to in-person eye-tracking in the lab. However, there is a lack of systematic research comparing remote web-based eye-tracking with in-lab eye-tracking in young children. We report a multi-lab study that compared these two measures in an anticipatory looking task with toddlers using WebGazer.js and jsPsych. Results of our remotely tested sample of 18-27-month-old toddlers (N = 125) revealed that web-based eye-tracking successfully captured goal-based action predictions, although the proportion of the goal-directed anticipatory looking was lower compared to the in-lab sample (N = 70). As expected, attrition rate was substantially higher in the web-based (42%) than the in-lab sample (10%). Excluding trials based on visual inspection of the match of time-locked gaze coordinates and the participant's webcam video overlayed on the stimuli was an important preprocessing step to reduce noise in the data. We discuss the use of this remote web-based method in comparison with other current methodological innovations. Our study demonstrates that remote web-based eye-tracking can be a useful tool for testing toddlers, facilitating recruitment of larger and more diverse samples; a caveat to consider is the larger drop-out rate.",
keywords = "Psychology, Anticipatory looking, Eye-tracking, Method Validation, Toddlers, Web-based eye-tracking",
author = "Adrian Steffan and Lucie Zimmer and Natalia Arias-Trejo and Manuel Bohn and {Dal Ben}, Rodrigo and Flores-Coronado, {Marco A.} and Laura Franchin and Isa Garbisch and {Grosse Wiesmann}, Charlotte and Kiley Hamlin and Naomi Havron and Hay, {Jessica F.} and Hermansen, {Tone K.} and Jakobsen, {Krisztina V.} and Steven Kalinke and Ko, {Eon Suk} and Louisa Kulke and Julien Mayor and Marek Meristo and David Moreau and Seongmin Mun and Julia Prein and Hannes Rakoczy and Katrin Rothmaler and {Santos Oliveira}, Daniela and Simpson, {Elizabeth A.} and Sylvain Sirois and Smith, {Eleanor S.} and Karin Strid and Tebbe, {Anna Lena} and Maleen Thiele and Francis Yuen and Tobias Schuwerk",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Infancy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Congress of Infant Studies.",
year = "2024",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/infa.12564",
language = "English",
volume = "29",
pages = "31--55",
journal = "Infancy",
issn = "1525-0008",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.",
number = "1",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood

AU - Steffan, Adrian

AU - Zimmer, Lucie

AU - Arias-Trejo, Natalia

AU - Bohn, Manuel

AU - Dal Ben, Rodrigo

AU - Flores-Coronado, Marco A.

AU - Franchin, Laura

AU - Garbisch, Isa

AU - Grosse Wiesmann, Charlotte

AU - Hamlin, Kiley

AU - Havron, Naomi

AU - Hay, Jessica F.

AU - Hermansen, Tone K.

AU - Jakobsen, Krisztina V.

AU - Kalinke, Steven

AU - Ko, Eon Suk

AU - Kulke, Louisa

AU - Mayor, Julien

AU - Meristo, Marek

AU - Moreau, David

AU - Mun, Seongmin

AU - Prein, Julia

AU - Rakoczy, Hannes

AU - Rothmaler, Katrin

AU - Santos Oliveira, Daniela

AU - Simpson, Elizabeth A.

AU - Sirois, Sylvain

AU - Smith, Eleanor S.

AU - Strid, Karin

AU - Tebbe, Anna Lena

AU - Thiele, Maleen

AU - Yuen, Francis

AU - Schuwerk, Tobias

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Infancy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Congress of Infant Studies.

PY - 2024/1/1

Y1 - 2024/1/1

N2 - Measuring eye movements remotely via the participant's webcam promises to be an attractive methodological addition to in-person eye-tracking in the lab. However, there is a lack of systematic research comparing remote web-based eye-tracking with in-lab eye-tracking in young children. We report a multi-lab study that compared these two measures in an anticipatory looking task with toddlers using WebGazer.js and jsPsych. Results of our remotely tested sample of 18-27-month-old toddlers (N = 125) revealed that web-based eye-tracking successfully captured goal-based action predictions, although the proportion of the goal-directed anticipatory looking was lower compared to the in-lab sample (N = 70). As expected, attrition rate was substantially higher in the web-based (42%) than the in-lab sample (10%). Excluding trials based on visual inspection of the match of time-locked gaze coordinates and the participant's webcam video overlayed on the stimuli was an important preprocessing step to reduce noise in the data. We discuss the use of this remote web-based method in comparison with other current methodological innovations. Our study demonstrates that remote web-based eye-tracking can be a useful tool for testing toddlers, facilitating recruitment of larger and more diverse samples; a caveat to consider is the larger drop-out rate.

AB - Measuring eye movements remotely via the participant's webcam promises to be an attractive methodological addition to in-person eye-tracking in the lab. However, there is a lack of systematic research comparing remote web-based eye-tracking with in-lab eye-tracking in young children. We report a multi-lab study that compared these two measures in an anticipatory looking task with toddlers using WebGazer.js and jsPsych. Results of our remotely tested sample of 18-27-month-old toddlers (N = 125) revealed that web-based eye-tracking successfully captured goal-based action predictions, although the proportion of the goal-directed anticipatory looking was lower compared to the in-lab sample (N = 70). As expected, attrition rate was substantially higher in the web-based (42%) than the in-lab sample (10%). Excluding trials based on visual inspection of the match of time-locked gaze coordinates and the participant's webcam video overlayed on the stimuli was an important preprocessing step to reduce noise in the data. We discuss the use of this remote web-based method in comparison with other current methodological innovations. Our study demonstrates that remote web-based eye-tracking can be a useful tool for testing toddlers, facilitating recruitment of larger and more diverse samples; a caveat to consider is the larger drop-out rate.

KW - Psychology

KW - Anticipatory looking

KW - Eye-tracking

KW - Method Validation

KW - Toddlers

KW - Web-based eye-tracking

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174228178&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/infa.12564

DO - 10.1111/infa.12564

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 37850726

VL - 29

SP - 31

EP - 55

JO - Infancy

JF - Infancy

SN - 1525-0008

IS - 1

ER -

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