This chapter provides a comparative examination of innovative teaching and learning practices in the German and Chinese contexts, with a focus on inclusive education, competency-based approaches, and the integration of differentiated instruction. It is emphasized that cultural and contextual differences significantly influence the design and implementation of these pedagogical innovations. The main findings and differences between the two cultural contexts are summarized and highlighted. The conclusions underscore the importance of continuous intercultural collaboration and research to better understand and exchange different pedagogical practices. The successful introduction of innovative methods depends on institutional support and teachers’ willingness to change. The chapter encourages further dialogue and comparative studies to advance global pedagogical practices.