Evaluating structural and compositional canopy characteristics to predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey in mixed, semi-natural temperate forests

Research output: Journal contributionsJournal articlesResearchpeer-review

Authors

  • Leen Depauw
  • Michael P. Perring
  • Dries Landuyt
  • Sybryn L. Maes
  • Haben Blondeel
  • Emiel De Lombaerde
  • Guntis Brūmelis
  • Jörg Brunet
  • Déborah Closset-Kopp
  • Guillaume Decocq
  • Jan Den Ouden
  • Radim Hédl
  • Thilo Heinken
  • Steffi Heinrichs
  • Bogdan Jaroszewicz
  • Martin Kopecký
  • Ilze Liepiņa
  • Martin Macek
  • František Máliš
  • Wolfgang Schmidt
  • Simon M. Smart
  • Karol Ujházy
  • Monika Wulf
  • Kris Verheyen

Questions: Light availability at the forest floor affects many forest ecosystem processes, and is often quantified indirectly through easy-to-measure stand characteristics. We investigated how three such characteristics, basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure, were related to each other in structurally complex mixed forests. We also asked how well they can predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey (estimated as the mean Ellenberg indicator value for light [“EIVLIGHT”] and the proportion of “forest specialists” [“%FS”] within the plots). Furthermore, we asked whether accounting for the shade-casting ability of individual canopy species could improve predictions of EIVLIGHT and %FS. Location: A total of 192 study plots from nineteen temperate forest regions across Europe. Methods: In each plot, we measured stand basal area (all stems >7.5 cm diameter), canopy closure (with a densiometer) and visually estimated the percentage cover of all plant species in the herb (<1 m), shrub (1–7 m) and tree layer (>7 m). We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure. We performed model comparisons, based on R2 and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), to assess which stand characteristics can predict EIVLIGHT and %FS best, and to assess whether canopy shade-casting ability can significantly improve model fit. Results: Canopy closure and cover were weakly related to each other, but showed no relation with basal area. For both EIVLIGHT and %FS, canopy cover was the best predictor. Including the share of high-shade-casting species in both the basal-area and cover models improved the model fit for EIVLIGHT, but not for %FS. Conclusions: The typically expected relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure were weak or even absent in structurally complex mixed forests. In these forests, easy-to-measure structural canopy characteristics were poor predictors of the understorey light-demand signature, but accounting for compositional characteristics could improve predictions.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere12532
JournalApplied Vegetation Science
Volume24
Issue number1
Number of pages13
ISSN1402-2001
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.01.2021

    Research areas

  • basal area, canopy closure, canopy cover, Ellenberg indicator values, herb layer, light availability, light transmittance, shade-casting ability, temperate forest, understorey
  • Ecosystems Research
  • Environmental planning

DOI

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