TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaluating structural and compositional canopy characteristics to predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey in mixed, semi-natural temperate forests

AU - Depauw, Leen

AU - Perring, Michael P.

AU - Landuyt, Dries

AU - Maes, Sybryn L.

AU - Blondeel, Haben

AU - De Lombaerde, Emiel

AU - Brūmelis, Guntis

AU - Brunet, Jörg

AU - Closset-Kopp, Déborah

AU - Decocq, Guillaume

AU - Den Ouden, Jan

AU - Härdtle, Werner

AU - Hédl, Radim

AU - Heinken, Thilo

AU - Heinrichs, Steffi

AU - Jaroszewicz, Bogdan

AU - Kopecký, Martin

AU - Liepiņa, Ilze

AU - Macek, Martin

AU - Máliš, František

AU - Schmidt, Wolfgang

AU - Smart, Simon M.

AU - Ujházy, Karol

AU - Wulf, Monika

AU - Verheyen, Kris

N1 - LD, KV, MPP, SLM, HB and EDL were supported by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator grant no. 614839: PASTFORWARD). DL was supported by a fellowship of the Research Foundation‐Flanders (FWO). MK and MM were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR 17‐13998S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939). RH was supported by the grant agency of the Czech Republic (Grant/Award Number 17‐09283S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (Grant/Award Number RVO 67985939). FM and KU were supported by two grants: VEGA 1/0639/17 and APVV‐18‐0086.

PY - 2021/1/1

Y1 - 2021/1/1

N2 - Questions: Light availability at the forest floor affects many forest ecosystem processes, and is often quantified indirectly through easy-to-measure stand characteristics. We investigated how three such characteristics, basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure, were related to each other in structurally complex mixed forests. We also asked how well they can predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey (estimated as the mean Ellenberg indicator value for light [“EIVLIGHT”] and the proportion of “forest specialists” [“%FS”] within the plots). Furthermore, we asked whether accounting for the shade-casting ability of individual canopy species could improve predictions of EIVLIGHT and %FS. Location: A total of 192 study plots from nineteen temperate forest regions across Europe. Methods: In each plot, we measured stand basal area (all stems >7.5 cm diameter), canopy closure (with a densiometer) and visually estimated the percentage cover of all plant species in the herb (<1 m), shrub (1–7 m) and tree layer (>7 m). We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure. We performed model comparisons, based on R2 and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), to assess which stand characteristics can predict EIVLIGHT and %FS best, and to assess whether canopy shade-casting ability can significantly improve model fit. Results: Canopy closure and cover were weakly related to each other, but showed no relation with basal area. For both EIVLIGHT and %FS, canopy cover was the best predictor. Including the share of high-shade-casting species in both the basal-area and cover models improved the model fit for EIVLIGHT, but not for %FS. Conclusions: The typically expected relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure were weak or even absent in structurally complex mixed forests. In these forests, easy-to-measure structural canopy characteristics were poor predictors of the understorey light-demand signature, but accounting for compositional characteristics could improve predictions.

AB - Questions: Light availability at the forest floor affects many forest ecosystem processes, and is often quantified indirectly through easy-to-measure stand characteristics. We investigated how three such characteristics, basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure, were related to each other in structurally complex mixed forests. We also asked how well they can predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey (estimated as the mean Ellenberg indicator value for light [“EIVLIGHT”] and the proportion of “forest specialists” [“%FS”] within the plots). Furthermore, we asked whether accounting for the shade-casting ability of individual canopy species could improve predictions of EIVLIGHT and %FS. Location: A total of 192 study plots from nineteen temperate forest regions across Europe. Methods: In each plot, we measured stand basal area (all stems >7.5 cm diameter), canopy closure (with a densiometer) and visually estimated the percentage cover of all plant species in the herb (<1 m), shrub (1–7 m) and tree layer (>7 m). We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure. We performed model comparisons, based on R2 and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), to assess which stand characteristics can predict EIVLIGHT and %FS best, and to assess whether canopy shade-casting ability can significantly improve model fit. Results: Canopy closure and cover were weakly related to each other, but showed no relation with basal area. For both EIVLIGHT and %FS, canopy cover was the best predictor. Including the share of high-shade-casting species in both the basal-area and cover models improved the model fit for EIVLIGHT, but not for %FS. Conclusions: The typically expected relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure were weak or even absent in structurally complex mixed forests. In these forests, easy-to-measure structural canopy characteristics were poor predictors of the understorey light-demand signature, but accounting for compositional characteristics could improve predictions.

KW - basal area

KW - canopy closure

KW - canopy cover

KW - Ellenberg indicator values

KW - herb layer

KW - light availability

KW - light transmittance

KW - shade-casting ability

KW - temperate forest

KW - understorey

KW - Ecosystems Research

KW - Environmental planning

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092637863&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/avsc.12532

DO - 10.1111/avsc.12532

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:85092637863

VL - 24

JO - Applied Vegetation Science

JF - Applied Vegetation Science

SN - 1402-2001

IS - 1

M1 - e12532

ER -