Analysis of long-term statistical data of cobalt flows in the EU

Research output: Journal contributionsJournal articlesResearchpeer-review

Authors

Long-term statistical data was explored, acquired, processed, and analysed in order to assess the historical domestic production and international trade of a number of cobalt-containing commodities in the EU. Different data sources were examined for data, such as the British Geological Survey (BGS), the US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Eurostat and UN Comtrade (UNC) databases, considering all EU-member states before and after they joined the EU. For the international trade, hidden flows related to data gaps such as data reported in monetary value or recorded as “special category” were identified and included in the analysis. In addition, data from the Finnish customs database (ULJAS) was used to complement flows reported by Eurostat and UNC. From UNC, data was obtained considering the member states as reporters or as partners of the trade, due to internal differences of the database. Based on the acquired data the domestic production and international trade of the commodities were reconstructed for the timeframes 1938–2018 and 1988–2018, respectively. Next to the analysis of the trend of the production and trade of the different commodities, the importance of including hidden flows was revealed, where hidden flows represented more than 50% of the flow of a year in some cases. In addition, it was identified that even from reliable data sources, strong differences (more than 100% in some cases) can be found in the reported data, which is crucial to consider when utilizing the data in research.

Original languageEnglish
Article number105690
JournalResources, Conservation and Recycling
Volume173
Number of pages12
ISSN0921-3449
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 10.2021
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors

    Research areas

  • Cobalt, Critical raw materials, Domestic production, International trade, Long-term statistical data

Recently viewed

Researchers

  1. Moritz Meyer

Activities

  1. Navigating Object Ambiguity in Artistic and Scientific Experiments
  2. Explicit References in Chat-Based CSCL: Do They Faciliate Global Text Processing? Evidence from Eye Movement Analyses
  3. An opening of management theory? Some consequences of Niklas Luhmann's notion of contingency for management thinking
  4. Contingency and Management
  5. Symposium "Visualization of Categorical Data"
  6. Management of ecosystem resilience as optimal investment in self-protection. A simple, but often non-convex problem
  7. Workshop „Science Fiction – Die Zukünfte des Computers” 2002
  8. Modellirung und Beschreibungsarten von technischen Systemen
  9. Symposium "Quantum Dämon"
  10. Managing Turnover
  11. Symposium "Weitergehen"
  12. Is it all about profit?: Corruption in European Comparative Perspective
  13. Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt
  14. Symposium on the Aesthetics and Politics of Organization - 2010
  15. The standards story of SAP: When infrastructure is happening
  16. Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research (Zeitschrift)
  17. Public Participation in Climate Change matters - Environmental awareness, public discourse and citizen activities
  18. Négritude: Hausenstein and Senghor
  19. The Sustainability Balanced Scorecard: Theory and Application of a Tool for Value-Based Sustainability Management
  20. Maple Leaf & Stars and Stripes
  21. Springer Verlag (Verlag)
  22. Comparing Environmental Management and Strategies of Companies in the United Kingdom and Germany
  23. Vortrag: Social Web: Herausforderung für das Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement?
  24. Co-Creation. "Magisches Konzept" oder "Placebo-Beteiligung"?
  25. Energie und Entropie oder: Ein Plädoyer für möglichst häufiges Scheitern im Studium
  26. Maple Leaf & Stars and Stripes
  27. What is Psychophysics All About? 25 Years of ISP
  28. 13. Jahrestagung der Visitor Studies Association 2000
  29. Symposium „Maschinenatem” - 2003
  30. Constructing Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence: Political uncertainty, legal ambiguity, and industry level contestation
  31. ‘Under Fire. Childhood in the Shadow of War’ 2003
  32. 'Concetti e metodi dell’imagologia letteraria' 2003
  33. Fachbereich Informatik und Gesellschaft (IUG) der Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V. (GI) (Externe Organisation)
  34. KlangArt 2001
  35. Wie aus Konkurrenten Partner werden und erfolgreich sind: kleine und mittlere Unternehmen