Analysis of long-term statistical data of cobalt flows in the EU

Publikation: Beiträge in ZeitschriftenZeitschriftenaufsätzeForschungbegutachtet

Authors

Long-term statistical data was explored, acquired, processed, and analysed in order to assess the historical domestic production and international trade of a number of cobalt-containing commodities in the EU. Different data sources were examined for data, such as the British Geological Survey (BGS), the US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Eurostat and UN Comtrade (UNC) databases, considering all EU-member states before and after they joined the EU. For the international trade, hidden flows related to data gaps such as data reported in monetary value or recorded as “special category” were identified and included in the analysis. In addition, data from the Finnish customs database (ULJAS) was used to complement flows reported by Eurostat and UNC. From UNC, data was obtained considering the member states as reporters or as partners of the trade, due to internal differences of the database. Based on the acquired data the domestic production and international trade of the commodities were reconstructed for the timeframes 1938–2018 and 1988–2018, respectively. Next to the analysis of the trend of the production and trade of the different commodities, the importance of including hidden flows was revealed, where hidden flows represented more than 50% of the flow of a year in some cases. In addition, it was identified that even from reliable data sources, strong differences (more than 100% in some cases) can be found in the reported data, which is crucial to consider when utilizing the data in research.

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Aufsatznummer105690
ZeitschriftResources, Conservation and Recycling
Jahrgang173
Anzahl der Seiten12
ISSN0921-3449
DOIs
PublikationsstatusErschienen - 10.2021
Extern publiziertJa

Bibliographische Notiz

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors

DOI

Zuletzt angesehen

Aktivitäten

  1. Towards a fully-automated adaptive e-learning environment: A predictive model for difficulty generating factors in gap-filling activities that target English tense-aspect-mood
  2. Presentation of the paper entitled "Soft Optimal Computing to Identify Surface Roughness in Manufacturing using a Monotonic Regressor"
  3. How stereotypes affect grading and tutorial feedback: Shifting evaluations or shifting standards?
  4. Für ein besseres Verständnis der Bezugspunkte in der Verhandlungsforschung und -theorie
  5. Explaining the learning progress in mathematics of retained students and low-achieving students
  6. From Quantity to Quality: Structuring Provenance Data.
  7. Field Experimentation in Governance Research. Early insights from researching the effectiveness of public participation in implementing the EU Floods Directive
  8. Concurrent Reconceptualization of Concurrent Sourcing
  9. Workshop "Marked-based Instruments (MBI) for Ecosystem Services and Nature Protection" - 2011
  10. Explaining primary school teachers’ usage of digital learning data: A mixed method study
  11. The role of different forms of cohesion and readers' expectations towards different types of text
  12. Beyond Gamification: From Problem-solving to Problem-making
  13. Tri-trophic interaction networks along a tree diversity gradient in BEF-China: How tree diversity effects higher trophic levels
  14. Points of cooperation: Integrating Cooperative Learning into Web-Based Courses
  15. Is there a threshold effect of time headway on subjective variables for different velocities?

Publikationen

  1. Simulation based optimization of lot sizes for opposing logistic objectives
  2. Gaussian processes for dispatching rule selection in production scheduling
  3. Exploring the limits of graph invariant- and spectrum-based discrimination of (sub)structures.
  4. Learning Analytics with Matlab Grader in Undergraduate Engineering Courses
  5. Neural network-based estimation and compensation of friction for enhanced deep drawing process control
  6. Teaching methods for modelling problems and students’ task-specific enjoyment, value, interest and self-efficacy expectations
  7. Self-regulation in error management training: emotion control and metacognition as mediators of performance effects
  8. Does thinking-aloud affect learning, visual information processing and cognitive load when learning with seductive details as expected from self-regulation perspective?
  9. For a return to the forgotten formula: 'Data 1 + Data 2 > Data 1'
  10. Using Language Learning Resources on YouTube
  11. Cognitive Predictors of Child Second Language Comprehension and Syntactic Learning
  12. A Theoretical Dynamical Noninteracting Model for General Manipulation Systems Using Axiomatic Geometric Structures
  13. Teachers’ use of data from digital learning platforms for instructional design
  14. Dynamic environment modelling and prediction for autonomous systems
  15. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases
  16. Multiphase-field modeling of temperature-driven intermetallic compound evolution in an Al-Mg system for application to solid-state joining processes
  17. Guided discovery learning with computer-based simulation games
  18. Modelling biodegradability based on OECD 301D data for the design of mineralising ionic liquids
  19. A longitudinal multilevel CFA-MTMM model for interchangeable and structurally different methods
  20. Quantifying diffuse and point inputs of perfluoroalkyl acids in a nonindustrial river catchment
  21. Is too much help an obstacle? Effects of interactivity and cognitive style on learning with dynamic versus non-dynamic visualizations with narrative explanations
  22. An application of multiple behavior SIA for analyzing data from student exams
  23. How, when and why do negotiators use reference points?
  24. Watershed groundwater balance estimation using streamflow recession analysis and baseflow separation
  25. Learning and Re-learning from net- based cooperative learning discourses
  26. Developing a Complex Portrait of Content Teaching for Multilingual Learners via Nonlinear Theoretical Understandings
  27. A PD regulator to minimize noise effect using a minimal variance method for soft landing control of an electromagnetic valve actuator
  28. Soil conditions modify species diversity effects on tree functional trait expression
  29. Topic Embeddings – A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics
  30. Solving mathematical problems with dynamical sketches
  31. Toward a methodical framework for comprehensively assessing forest multifunctionality
  32. Bayesian Parameter Estimation in Green Business Process Management
  33. Performance incentives in activity-based management