TY - JOUR

T1 - Cost of illness for bipolar disorder

T2 - a systematic review of the economic burden.

AU - Kleine-Budde, Katja

AU - Touil, Elina

AU - Moock, Jörn

AU - Bramesfeld, Anke

AU - Kawohl, Wolfram

AU - Rössler, Wulf

N1 - © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2014/6

Y1 - 2014/6

N2 - Objectives: Recent reviews lack important information on the high cost-of-illness worldwide for bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, the present study systematically analyzed those costs, their driving components, and the methodological quality with which the few existing cost-of-illness investigations have been performed. Methods: In June 2012, we conducted a systematic literature review of electronic databases to identify relevant cost-of-illness studies published since 2000. Their methodological quality was assessed. Costs were standardized by first extrapolating them to 2009 using country-specific gross domestic product inflators and then converting them into US dollars via purchasing power parities (PPP). Results: The main characteristics of 22 studies were evaluated. Ignoring outliers, costs per capita ranged from 8,000 to 14,000 US$-PPP for overall direct healthcare, from 4,000 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct mental healthcare, and from 2,500 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct BD-related care. Indirect costs ranged from 2,000 to 11,000 US$-PPP. Inpatient care was the main cost driver in three studies; drug costs, in two studies. Methodological quality was deemed satisfactory. Conclusions: The cost variance was great between studies. This was likely due to differences in methodology rather than healthcare systems, thereby making such comparisons difficult. The results showed that BD has a substantial economic burden on society. To gain more evidence, international standardized checklists are needed when undertaking cost-of-illness studies.

AB - Objectives: Recent reviews lack important information on the high cost-of-illness worldwide for bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, the present study systematically analyzed those costs, their driving components, and the methodological quality with which the few existing cost-of-illness investigations have been performed. Methods: In June 2012, we conducted a systematic literature review of electronic databases to identify relevant cost-of-illness studies published since 2000. Their methodological quality was assessed. Costs were standardized by first extrapolating them to 2009 using country-specific gross domestic product inflators and then converting them into US dollars via purchasing power parities (PPP). Results: The main characteristics of 22 studies were evaluated. Ignoring outliers, costs per capita ranged from 8,000 to 14,000 US$-PPP for overall direct healthcare, from 4,000 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct mental healthcare, and from 2,500 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct BD-related care. Indirect costs ranged from 2,000 to 11,000 US$-PPP. Inpatient care was the main cost driver in three studies; drug costs, in two studies. Methodological quality was deemed satisfactory. Conclusions: The cost variance was great between studies. This was likely due to differences in methodology rather than healthcare systems, thereby making such comparisons difficult. The results showed that BD has a substantial economic burden on society. To gain more evidence, international standardized checklists are needed when undertaking cost-of-illness studies.

KW - Health sciences

KW - Mental disorder

KW - Public Mental Health

KW - health economics

KW - Bipolar disorder

KW - Cost analysis

KW - Costs of illness

KW - Economic burden

KW - Resource utilization

KW - Systematic review

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84901938751&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/bdi.12165

DO - 10.1111/bdi.12165

M3 - Scientific review articles

C2 - 24372893

VL - 16

SP - 337

EP - 353

JO - Bipolar Disorders

JF - Bipolar Disorders

SN - 1399-5618

IS - 4

ER -