Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems

Lea Boecker; Paul Pauli

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019

Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems

Research output: Journal contributions › Scientific review articles › Research

Authors

Lea Boecker
Paul Pauli

Professorship of business and social psychology & methods

Startle reflex potentiation versus startle attenuation to unpleasant versus pleasant stimuli likely reflect priming of the defensive versus appetitive motivational systems, respectively. This review summarizes and systemizes the literature on affective startle modulation related to psychopathologies with the aim to reveal underlying mechanisms across psychopathologies. We found evidence for psychopathologies characterized by increased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (anxiety disorders), decreased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (psychopathy), decreased startle attenuation to pleasant stimuli (ADHD), as well as a general hyporeactivity to affective stimuli (depression). Increased versus decreased startle responses to disorder-specific stimuli characterize specific phobia and drug dependence. No psychopathology is characterized by increased startle attenuation to standard pleasant stimuli or a general hyperreactivity to affective stimuli. This review indicates that the defensive and the appetitive systems operate independently mostly in accordance with the motivational priming hypothesis and that affective startle modulation is a highly valuable paradigm to unraveling dysfunctions of the defensive and appetitive systems in psychopathologies as requested by the Research Domain Criteria initiative.

Original language	English
Journal	Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume	103
Pages (from-to)	230-266
Number of pages	37
ISSN	0149-7634
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019
Publication status	Published - 01.08.2019

Research areas

Business psychology - affective startle modulation, Motivational priming, appetitive and aversive system, psychopathology

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