Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems

Lea Boecker; Paul Pauli

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019

Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems

Research output: Journal contributions › Scientific review articles › Research

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Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems. / Boecker, Lea; Pauli, Paul.
In: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 103, 01.08.2019, p. 230-266.

Research output: Journal contributions › Scientific review articles › Research

Bibtex

@article{3a14a4154ac044d39b9a2c84b4ef3b7d,

title = "Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems",

abstract = "Startle reflex potentiation versus startle attenuation to unpleasant versus pleasant stimuli likely reflect priming of the defensive versus appetitive motivational systems, respectively. This review summarizes and systemizes the literature on affective startle modulation related to psychopathologies with the aim to reveal underlying mechanisms across psychopathologies. We found evidence for psychopathologies characterized by increased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (anxiety disorders), decreased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (psychopathy), decreased startle attenuation to pleasant stimuli (ADHD), as well as a general hyporeactivity to affective stimuli (depression). Increased versus decreased startle responses to disorder-specific stimuli characterize specific phobia and drug dependence. No psychopathology is characterized by increased startle attenuation to standard pleasant stimuli or a general hyperreactivity to affective stimuli. This review indicates that the defensive and the appetitive systems operate independently mostly in accordance with the motivational priming hypothesis and that affective startle modulation is a highly valuable paradigm to unraveling dysfunctions of the defensive and appetitive systems in psychopathologies as requested by the Research Domain Criteria initiative.",

keywords = "Business psychology, affective startle modulation, Motivational priming, appetitive and aversive system, psychopathology",

author = "Lea Boecker and Paul Pauli",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019",

language = "English",

volume = "103",

pages = "230--266",

journal = "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews",

issn = "0149-7634",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Affective startle modulation and psychopathology

T2 - Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems

AU - Boecker, Lea

AU - Pauli, Paul

PY - 2019/8/1

Y1 - 2019/8/1

N2 - Startle reflex potentiation versus startle attenuation to unpleasant versus pleasant stimuli likely reflect priming of the defensive versus appetitive motivational systems, respectively. This review summarizes and systemizes the literature on affective startle modulation related to psychopathologies with the aim to reveal underlying mechanisms across psychopathologies. We found evidence for psychopathologies characterized by increased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (anxiety disorders), decreased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (psychopathy), decreased startle attenuation to pleasant stimuli (ADHD), as well as a general hyporeactivity to affective stimuli (depression). Increased versus decreased startle responses to disorder-specific stimuli characterize specific phobia and drug dependence. No psychopathology is characterized by increased startle attenuation to standard pleasant stimuli or a general hyperreactivity to affective stimuli. This review indicates that the defensive and the appetitive systems operate independently mostly in accordance with the motivational priming hypothesis and that affective startle modulation is a highly valuable paradigm to unraveling dysfunctions of the defensive and appetitive systems in psychopathologies as requested by the Research Domain Criteria initiative.

AB - Startle reflex potentiation versus startle attenuation to unpleasant versus pleasant stimuli likely reflect priming of the defensive versus appetitive motivational systems, respectively. This review summarizes and systemizes the literature on affective startle modulation related to psychopathologies with the aim to reveal underlying mechanisms across psychopathologies. We found evidence for psychopathologies characterized by increased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (anxiety disorders), decreased startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli (psychopathy), decreased startle attenuation to pleasant stimuli (ADHD), as well as a general hyporeactivity to affective stimuli (depression). Increased versus decreased startle responses to disorder-specific stimuli characterize specific phobia and drug dependence. No psychopathology is characterized by increased startle attenuation to standard pleasant stimuli or a general hyperreactivity to affective stimuli. This review indicates that the defensive and the appetitive systems operate independently mostly in accordance with the motivational priming hypothesis and that affective startle modulation is a highly valuable paradigm to unraveling dysfunctions of the defensive and appetitive systems in psychopathologies as requested by the Research Domain Criteria initiative.

KW - Business psychology

KW - affective startle modulation

KW - Motivational priming

KW - appetitive and aversive system

KW - psychopathology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85067940143&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019

DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019

M3 - Scientific review articles

C2 - 31129237

VL - 103

SP - 230

EP - 266

JO - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

JF - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

SN - 0149-7634

ER -

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