This chapter examines innovations in competency-oriented mathematics teaching in Germany, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches to address diverse student populations. German educators face the challenge of meeting educational standards set by the Standing Conference of Ministers of Education, which require all students to achieve specific competencies. The tension between these standards and student diversity creates difficulties, particularly in supporting mathematical problem-solving, a key competency. Effective support involves strategic, subject-specific interventions tailored to individual learning needs. However, research shows that teachers often struggle to diagnose diverse student solutions and provide appropriate adaptive support. The chapter presents a theoretical framework for adaptive learning, exemplified by a project using multi-perspective videos in teacher education. This project offers practical teaching scenarios to enhance problem-solving skills, serving as a valuable resource for teacher training. The chapter highlights ongoing efforts in Germany to address the needs of diverse classrooms through innovative, competency-based approaches.