The shooter bias: Replicating the classic effect and introducing a novel paradigm

Publikation: Beiträge in ZeitschriftenZeitschriftenaufsätzeForschungbegutachtet

Authors

  • Iniobong Essien
  • Marleen Stelter
  • Felix Kalbe
  • Andreas Koehler
  • Jana Mangels
  • Stefanie Meliß
How does characterizing a group as hostile and dangerous shape behavior? We present two high-powered experimental studies, a close and a conceptual replication of the ‘Police Officer's Dilemma’ (Correll et al., 2002). Experiment 1 (N = 164)—a close replication—uses the original shooter task with Arab-Muslim targets. Participants showed a so-called shooter bias: A significant interaction in reaction times with faster ‘shoot’ responses for armed Arab-Muslim targets compared to armed White targets (ηp2 = .11, 90% CI [.04; .18]). This provides evidence that the shooter bias is robust against context variations. Experiment 2 (N = 165)—a conceptual replication and extension—investigates whether this effect generalizes to other threat-related behavior. In a novel ‘avoidance task’ with Turkish and White German targets, participants ‘avoid’ armed targets carrying knives and ‘approach’ unarmed targets carrying innocuous objects. Again, we observed a significant interaction effect: Reaction times were faster for armed Turkish targets, but slower for unarmed Turkish targets as compared to White German targets (ηp2 =.19, 90% CI [.11; .27]). Results are interpreted as an avoidance bias—an effect almost twice as large as in the original shooter task. We discuss that the avoidance task may be cognitively more demanding than the shooter task and that the avoidance task may provide a more subtle measure of bias in threat detection. This may lead participants to exert less behavioral control. Taken together, this research highlights that threat stereotypes have powerful influences on judgment and behavior, with the potential to disrupt intergroup interactions.
OriginalspracheEnglisch
ZeitschriftJournal of Experimental Social Psychology
Jahrgang70
Seiten (von - bis)41-47
Anzahl der Seiten7
ISSN0022-1031
DOIs
PublikationsstatusErschienen - 01.05.2017
Extern publiziertJa

DOI

Zuletzt angesehen

Publikationen

  1. A Study on the Impact of Intradomain Finetuning of Deep Language Models for Legal Named Entity Recognition in Portuguese
  2. rSOESGOPE Method Applied to Four-Tank System Modeling
  3. History of Embryology: Visualizations Through Series and Animation
  4. An Exploration of humans‘ ability to recognize emotions displayed by robots
  5. The importance of understanding the multiple dimensions of power in stakeholder participation for effective biodiversity conservation
  6. An idea and a person whose time had come
  7. A review on the use of calcium chloride in applied thermal engineering
  8. Differential Steering System for Vehicular Yaw Tracking Motion with Help of Sliding Mode Control
  9. From deforestation to blossom
  10. On walks in molecular graphs.
  11. Balanced Scorecard implementations – The case of a city hall
  12. Eye-tracking methodology in mathematics education research
  13. Effectiveness of error management training
  14. Instructional animation versus static pictures
  15. Modelling scenarios to identify a combined sediment-water management strategy for the large reservoirs of the Tuyamuyun hydro-complex
  16. Calendar
  17. Efficient control of formation flying spacecraft
  18. How students’ self-control and smartphone-use explain their academic performance
  19. Is Calluna vulgaris a suitable bio-monitor of management-mediated nutrient pools in heathland ecosystems?
  20. Risk management with management control systems
  21. Shared mobility business models
  22. A group-level theory of helping and altruism within and across group boundaries
  23. Integrated assessment of bioelectricity technology options
  24. Towards a Real-world Laboratory
  25. Does participatory governance help address long-term environmental problems?
  26. Understanding Environmental Posts
  27. Learning pragmatic routines during study abroad
  28. Kafka pfeift auf den Ursprung des Kunstwerkes.
  29. Using LLMs in sensory service research
  30. New incremental methods for springback compensation by stress superposition
  31. Exploring the Use of the Pronoun I in German Academic Texts with Machine Learning
  32. Public Value
  33. European and national law in history and future
  34. Transformation archetypes in global food systems
  35. LiteraturGesellschaft DDR
  36. Emotional reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity
  37. BERT for stock market sentiment analysis
  38. Foraging loads of stingless bees and utilisation of stored nectar for pollen harvesting
  39. Bestimmbare Unbestimmtheiten