On the emergence of the in–out effect across trials: two items do the trick
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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On the emergence of the in–out effect across trials : two items do the trick. / Topolinski, Sascha; Boecker, Lea; Löffler, Charlotte S. et al.
in: Psychological Research, Jahrgang 87, Nr. 4, 06.2023, S. 1180-1192.Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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TY - JOUR
T1 - On the emergence of the in–out effect across trials
T2 - two items do the trick
AU - Topolinski, Sascha
AU - Boecker, Lea
AU - Löffler, Charlotte S.
AU - Gusmão, Beatriz
AU - Ingendahl, Moritz
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Individuals prefer letter strings whose consonantal articulation spots move from the front of the mouth to the back (e.g., BAKA, inward) over those with a reversed consonant order (e.g., KABA, outward), the so-called in–out effect. The present research explores whether individuals hold an internal standard or scheme of consonant order that triggers this effect. If this were the case, the in–out effect should already occur in one-trial between-subjects designs. If not, the in–out effect should emerge over the course of trials in within-subjects designs. In Experiments 1a–e (1b–e preregistered; total N = 2973; German, English, and Portuguese samples) employing a one-trial between-subjects design, no in–out effect was found. In Experiment 2 (N = 253), employing within-subjects designs with either 1, 5, 10, 30, or 50 trials per consonant order category (inward vs. outward), the in–out effect was absent in the first trial, but already surfaced for the first 2 trials, reached significance within the first 10 trials and a solid plateau within the first 20 trials. Of the four theoretical explanations, the present evidence favors the fluency/frequency and letter-position accounts and is at odds with the eating-related embodiment and easy-first accounts.
AB - Individuals prefer letter strings whose consonantal articulation spots move from the front of the mouth to the back (e.g., BAKA, inward) over those with a reversed consonant order (e.g., KABA, outward), the so-called in–out effect. The present research explores whether individuals hold an internal standard or scheme of consonant order that triggers this effect. If this were the case, the in–out effect should already occur in one-trial between-subjects designs. If not, the in–out effect should emerge over the course of trials in within-subjects designs. In Experiments 1a–e (1b–e preregistered; total N = 2973; German, English, and Portuguese samples) employing a one-trial between-subjects design, no in–out effect was found. In Experiment 2 (N = 253), employing within-subjects designs with either 1, 5, 10, 30, or 50 trials per consonant order category (inward vs. outward), the in–out effect was absent in the first trial, but already surfaced for the first 2 trials, reached significance within the first 10 trials and a solid plateau within the first 20 trials. Of the four theoretical explanations, the present evidence favors the fluency/frequency and letter-position accounts and is at odds with the eating-related embodiment and easy-first accounts.
KW - Management studies
KW - Business psychology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134713711&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/709dc796-d966-3d2d-8464-002bd31e2f6e/
U2 - 10.1007/s00426-022-01715-6
DO - 10.1007/s00426-022-01715-6
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 35867154
AN - SCOPUS:85134713711
VL - 87
SP - 1180
EP - 1192
JO - Psychological Research
JF - Psychological Research
SN - 0340-0727
IS - 4
ER -