This paper deals with a possible approach to controlling marine fish stocks using the prey‐predator model described by the Lotka‐Volterra equations. The control strategy is conceived using the sliding mode control (SMC) approach which, based on the Lyapunov theorem, offers the possibility to track desired functions, thus guaranteeing the stability of the controlled system. One of the most important aspects of this model is the identification of some parameters which characterizes the model. In this work two cascaded and Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs) are proposed to estimate them in order to be utilized in SMC. This approach can be used for sustainable management of marine fish stocks: through the developed algorithm, the appropriate number of active fishermen and the suitable period for fishing can be determined. Computer simulations validate the proposed approach.