This study presents the first investigation into the performance of foreign-controlled enterprises in German manufacturing based on new micro-data from official statistics. A comprehensive set of performance variables was examined not only by comparing unconditional mean values but also by accounting for other determinants and differences across distributions. The analysis revealed a foreign ownership performance premium with regard to productivity, R&D and export intensities, and average wages. Only profitability did not seem to differ from German-owned enterprises. Results were verified by varying comparison groups of indigenous firms and separating for high- and low-tech sectors. Furthermore, a breakdown by country of origin and type of ownership showed considerable heterogeneity of foreign-controlled affiliates in Germany.