TY - JOUR

T1 - Sensor Measures of Affective Leaning

AU - Martens, Thomas

AU - Niemann, Moritz

AU - Dick, Uwe

N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) award number 16SV7517SH. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2020 Martens, Niemann and Dick.

PY - 2020/4/30

Y1 - 2020/4/30

N2 - The aim of this study was to predict self-report data for self-regulated learning with sensor data. In a longitudinal study multichannel data were collected: self-report data with questionnaires and embedded experience samples as well as sensor data like electrodermal activity (EDA) and electroencephalography (EEG). 100 students from a private university in Germany performed a learning experiment followed by final measures of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and gained knowledge. During the learning experiment psychophysiological data like EEG were combined with embedded experience sampling measuring motivational states like affect and interest every 270 s. Results of machine learning models show that consumer grade wearables for EEG and EDA failed to predict embedded experience sampling. EDA failed to predict outcome measures as well. This gap can be explained by some major technical difficulties, especially by lower quality of the electrodes. Nevertheless, an average activation of all EEG bands at T7 (left-hemispheric, lateral) can predict lower intrinsic motivation as outcome measure. This is in line with the personality system interactions (PSI) theory of Julius Kuhl. With more advanced sensor measures it might be possible to track affective learning in an unobtrusive way and support micro-adaptation in a digital learning environment.

AB - The aim of this study was to predict self-report data for self-regulated learning with sensor data. In a longitudinal study multichannel data were collected: self-report data with questionnaires and embedded experience samples as well as sensor data like electrodermal activity (EDA) and electroencephalography (EEG). 100 students from a private university in Germany performed a learning experiment followed by final measures of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and gained knowledge. During the learning experiment psychophysiological data like EEG were combined with embedded experience sampling measuring motivational states like affect and interest every 270 s. Results of machine learning models show that consumer grade wearables for EEG and EDA failed to predict embedded experience sampling. EDA failed to predict outcome measures as well. This gap can be explained by some major technical difficulties, especially by lower quality of the electrodes. Nevertheless, an average activation of all EEG bands at T7 (left-hemispheric, lateral) can predict lower intrinsic motivation as outcome measure. This is in line with the personality system interactions (PSI) theory of Julius Kuhl. With more advanced sensor measures it might be possible to track affective learning in an unobtrusive way and support micro-adaptation in a digital learning environment.

KW - Informatics

KW - Business informatics

KW - affective learning

KW - self-regulated learning

KW - process measures

KW - sensor measures

KW - EEG

KW - Business psychology

KW - motivation

KW - affect

KW - emotion

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084549977&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00379

DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00379

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 32425838

AN - SCOPUS:85084549977

VL - 11

JO - Frontiers in Psychology

JF - Frontiers in Psychology

SN - 1664-1078

M1 - 379

ER -