TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparison of proton and neutron cascades generated by proton beams in air, CO2, and CH4 environments

AU - de Oliveira Deros, Marcos Antônio

AU - Hoff, Gabriela

AU - Nascimento, Matheus Monteiro

AU - Pereira, Elisa Garcia

AU - Pereira, Luis Gustavo

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - In this work, we developed a computational study using Geant4 to investigate potential alterations in particle cascades resulting from multiple interactions between a high-energy particle in air, CO2, and CH4 environments. Given the extensive range of parameters involved in the research, this study focuses exclusively on the behaviour of protons and neutrons within the cascade for two specific energies of the incident proton, namely 0.5 and 10 GeV. The chosen environment is a cubic box measuring 103km3. Our findings reveal distinct differences in the cascade characteristics among the three gases. The distribution of protons and neutrons throughout the environment varies depending on the type of gas and the depth along the axis of incidence. Specifically, for (CH4), a higher production of protons was observed, whereas for (CO2), neutron production was more pronounced under certain conditions. Simulations of the Bragg peak were also conducted, where we observed a shift in the maximum energy loss due to ionisation depending on the environment.

AB - In this work, we developed a computational study using Geant4 to investigate potential alterations in particle cascades resulting from multiple interactions between a high-energy particle in air, CO2, and CH4 environments. Given the extensive range of parameters involved in the research, this study focuses exclusively on the behaviour of protons and neutrons within the cascade for two specific energies of the incident proton, namely 0.5 and 10 GeV. The chosen environment is a cubic box measuring 103km3. Our findings reveal distinct differences in the cascade characteristics among the three gases. The distribution of protons and neutrons throughout the environment varies depending on the type of gas and the depth along the axis of incidence. Specifically, for (CH4), a higher production of protons was observed, whereas for (CO2), neutron production was more pronounced under certain conditions. Simulations of the Bragg peak were also conducted, where we observed a shift in the maximum energy loss due to ionisation depending on the environment.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105003019623&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06195-2

DO - 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06195-2

M3 - Scientific review articles

AN - SCOPUS:105003019623

VL - 140

JO - European Physical Journal Plus

JF - European Physical Journal Plus

SN - 2190-5444

IS - 4

M1 - 285

ER -