Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel
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In: Materials and Design, Vol. 209, 109997, 01.11.2021.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel
AU - Fu, Banglong
AU - Shen, Junjun
AU - Suhuddin, Uceu F.H.R.
AU - Pereira, Ayrton A.C.
AU - Maawad, Emad
AU - dos Santos, Jorge F.
AU - Klusemann, Benjamin
AU - Rethmeier, Michael
N1 - Banglong Fu is gratefully acknowledging the funding of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201506220158). The valuable suggestions from Ms. Changyun Sun (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t M?nchen, LMU) are greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Norbert Hort and Daniel Strerath (Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon) for the help in determining the chemical compositions of BMs. We acknowledge Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of the research were carried out at the High Energy Materials Science (HEMS) of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon using P07B beamline. All the raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings are available from the authors upon reasonable requests.
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - The application of magnesium (Mg) inevitably involves dissimilar welding with steel. A novel solid state spot welding method, refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW), was utilized to weld AZ31 Mg alloy to galvanized DP600 steel. Although Mg/Fe is an immiscible alloy system, defect-free welds with high strength were successfully obtained in a wide parameter window. The results of microstructure, interfacial reactions, and mechanical properties are reported to reveal the underlying joining mechanism. Due to the melting of Zn coating and subsequent Mg-Zn reactions, Mg-Zn eutectic and intermetallic compounds were detected within welds. Heterogeneous interfacial reactions occur along Mg/steel interface, and the relationship between interfacial structure and fracture behavior was investigated. The joining mechanism is associated with Zn coating and Fe-Al layer: 1) the presence of Zn coating is beneficial for achieving high-quality welding between Mg and steel, it protects the interface from oxidation and contributes to brazing of the weld; 2) the Al present in Mg alloy reacts with Fe, resulting in the growth of Fe-Al layer, which contributes to the diffusion bonding in the interface. The overall results clearly show that refill FSSW is a competitive welding method for joining Mg and galvanized steel.
AB - The application of magnesium (Mg) inevitably involves dissimilar welding with steel. A novel solid state spot welding method, refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW), was utilized to weld AZ31 Mg alloy to galvanized DP600 steel. Although Mg/Fe is an immiscible alloy system, defect-free welds with high strength were successfully obtained in a wide parameter window. The results of microstructure, interfacial reactions, and mechanical properties are reported to reveal the underlying joining mechanism. Due to the melting of Zn coating and subsequent Mg-Zn reactions, Mg-Zn eutectic and intermetallic compounds were detected within welds. Heterogeneous interfacial reactions occur along Mg/steel interface, and the relationship between interfacial structure and fracture behavior was investigated. The joining mechanism is associated with Zn coating and Fe-Al layer: 1) the presence of Zn coating is beneficial for achieving high-quality welding between Mg and steel, it protects the interface from oxidation and contributes to brazing of the weld; 2) the Al present in Mg alloy reacts with Fe, resulting in the growth of Fe-Al layer, which contributes to the diffusion bonding in the interface. The overall results clearly show that refill FSSW is a competitive welding method for joining Mg and galvanized steel.
KW - Galvanized steel
KW - Magnesium alloy
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Microstructure
KW - Multi-materials joining
KW - Refill friction stir spot welding
KW - Engineering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111319509&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997
DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:85111319509
VL - 209
JO - Materials and Design
JF - Materials and Design
SN - 0264-1275
M1 - 109997
ER -