Leverage points and levers of inclusive conservation in protected areas
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In: Ecology and Society, Vol. 28, No. 4, 7, 10.2023.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Leverage points and levers of inclusive conservation in protected areas
AU - Cebrián-Piqueras, Miguel A.
AU - Palomo, Ignacio
AU - Lo, Veronica B.
AU - López-Rodríguez, María D.
AU - Filyushkina, Anna
AU - Fischborn, Marie
AU - Raymond, Christopher M.
AU - Plieninger, Tobias
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the author(s).
PY - 2023/10
Y1 - 2023/10
N2 - Inclusive conservation approaches that effectively conserve biodiversity while improving human well-being are gaining traction in the face of the sixth mass extinction of biodiversity. Despite much theorization on the governance of inclusive conservation, empirical research on its practical implementation is urgently needed. Here, using a correlation network analysis and drawing on empirical results from 263 sites described on the web platform of the PANORAMA initiative (IUCN), we inductively identified global clusters of conservation outcomes in protected and conserved areas. These clusters represent five conservation foci or archetypes, namely (i) community-based conservation, (ii) sustainable management, (iii) conflict resolution, (iv) multi-level and co-governance, and (v) environmental protection and nature’s contribution to people. Our empirical approach further revealed that some dimensions of inclusive conservation are crucial as leverage points to manage protected areas related to these clusters successfully, namely improvements in the socio-cultural context and social cohesion, enhancing the status and participation of youth, women, and minorities, improved human health, empowerment of local communities, or reestablishment of dialogue and trust. We highlight inclusive interventions such as education and capacity building, development of alliances and partnerships, and enabling sustainable livelihoods, or governance arrangements led by Indigenous peoples and local communities or private actors, as levers to promote positive transformations in the social-ecological systems of protected areas. We argue that although some of the leverage points we identified are less targeted in current protected area management, they can represent powerful areas of intervention to enhance social and ecological outcomes in protected areas.
AB - Inclusive conservation approaches that effectively conserve biodiversity while improving human well-being are gaining traction in the face of the sixth mass extinction of biodiversity. Despite much theorization on the governance of inclusive conservation, empirical research on its practical implementation is urgently needed. Here, using a correlation network analysis and drawing on empirical results from 263 sites described on the web platform of the PANORAMA initiative (IUCN), we inductively identified global clusters of conservation outcomes in protected and conserved areas. These clusters represent five conservation foci or archetypes, namely (i) community-based conservation, (ii) sustainable management, (iii) conflict resolution, (iv) multi-level and co-governance, and (v) environmental protection and nature’s contribution to people. Our empirical approach further revealed that some dimensions of inclusive conservation are crucial as leverage points to manage protected areas related to these clusters successfully, namely improvements in the socio-cultural context and social cohesion, enhancing the status and participation of youth, women, and minorities, improved human health, empowerment of local communities, or reestablishment of dialogue and trust. We highlight inclusive interventions such as education and capacity building, development of alliances and partnerships, and enabling sustainable livelihoods, or governance arrangements led by Indigenous peoples and local communities or private actors, as levers to promote positive transformations in the social-ecological systems of protected areas. We argue that although some of the leverage points we identified are less targeted in current protected area management, they can represent powerful areas of intervention to enhance social and ecological outcomes in protected areas.
KW - community-based conservation
KW - conservation archetypes
KW - conservation outcomes
KW - correlation network analysis
KW - protected area management
KW - social impacts
KW - social-ecological systems
KW - transformative change
KW - Ecosystems Research
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175236157&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/c206ad39-f2ea-31d1-9baa-b15483680867/
U2 - 10.5751/ES-14366-280407
DO - 10.5751/ES-14366-280407
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:85175236157
VL - 28
JO - Ecology and Society
JF - Ecology and Society
SN - 1708-3087
IS - 4
M1 - 7
ER -