Assessment of Degradation of 18 Antibiotics in the Closed Bottle Test
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In: Chemosphere, Vol. 57, No. 6, 01.11.2004, p. 505-512.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Degradation of 18 Antibiotics in the Closed Bottle Test
AU - Alexy, Radka
AU - Kümpel, Tina
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
N1 - Funding Information: The investigations were supported by the German Federal Environmental Agency (Grant No.: 298 63 722).
PY - 2004/11/1
Y1 - 2004/11/1
N2 - Large quantities of antibiotics are used in health care. After administration, they are discharged into the effluent and reach sewage treatment plants (STPs); if they are not degraded, they will eventually enter the environment. Antibiotics can affect bacteria in the environment and thus disturb natural elemental cycles. For this reason, it is necessary to take a closer look at the fate and effects of these substances in the environment. The biodegradability of 18 clinically important antibiotics and their effects on environmental bacteria was studied using the Closed Bottle Test (CBT) (OECD 301 D 1992). In addition, a toxicity control was performed in the CBT and the colony forming units (CFUs) were monitored. Disappearance of some of the 18 antibiotics was monitored by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis. The antibiotics were used in two concentrations: (a) according to OECD 301 D in the mg/l-range and (b) on the basis of calculated concentrations in the influent of STPs in the μg/l-range. None of the 18 antibiotics were readily biodegradable. The HPLC analysis showed that some substances were partially or even completely disappeared by a non-biotic mechanism. In the case of some antibiotics, partial biological removal took place in test vessels containing readily biodegradable sodium acetate and the test compound. However, in the toxicity control, toxicity had not been eliminated.
AB - Large quantities of antibiotics are used in health care. After administration, they are discharged into the effluent and reach sewage treatment plants (STPs); if they are not degraded, they will eventually enter the environment. Antibiotics can affect bacteria in the environment and thus disturb natural elemental cycles. For this reason, it is necessary to take a closer look at the fate and effects of these substances in the environment. The biodegradability of 18 clinically important antibiotics and their effects on environmental bacteria was studied using the Closed Bottle Test (CBT) (OECD 301 D 1992). In addition, a toxicity control was performed in the CBT and the colony forming units (CFUs) were monitored. Disappearance of some of the 18 antibiotics was monitored by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis. The antibiotics were used in two concentrations: (a) according to OECD 301 D in the mg/l-range and (b) on the basis of calculated concentrations in the influent of STPs in the μg/l-range. None of the 18 antibiotics were readily biodegradable. The HPLC analysis showed that some substances were partially or even completely disappeared by a non-biotic mechanism. In the case of some antibiotics, partial biological removal took place in test vessels containing readily biodegradable sodium acetate and the test compound. However, in the toxicity control, toxicity had not been eliminated.
KW - ANALYSIS
KW - ANTIBIOTIC
KW - Antibiotics
KW - bacteria
KW - BACTERIUM
KW - biodegradability
KW - Biological
KW - CHEMICALS
KW - chromatography
KW - Closed Bottle Test
KW - COMPOUND
KW - concentration
KW - Control
KW - Degradation
KW - effect
KW - effects
KW - effluent
KW - ENVIRONMENT
KW - environmental
KW - fate
KW - GERMANY
KW - HEALTH
KW - HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW - HPLC
KW - HPLC ANALYSIS
KW - liquid
KW - liquid chromatography
KW - LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW - MECHANISM
KW - OECD
KW - PERFORMANCE
KW - PLANT
KW - PLANTS
KW - REMOVAL
KW - SEAWATER
KW - sewage
KW - sewage treatment
KW - sewage treatment plant
KW - sewage treatment plants
KW - SEWAGE-TREATMENT
KW - soil
KW - STP
KW - SUBSTANCES
KW - Test
KW - TOXICITIES
KW - toxicity
KW - treatment
KW - TREATMENT PLANTS
KW - TREATMENT-PLANT
KW - UNIT
KW - UNITS
KW - WASTE-WATER BACTERIA
KW - Chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=4444332732&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/34557eed-8f7e-30ce-bf39-11770744e31a/
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.024
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.024
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 15350412
VL - 57
SP - 505
EP - 512
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
SN - 0045-6535
IS - 6
ER -