TY - JOUR

T1 - Assessment of Degradation of 18 Antibiotics in the Closed Bottle Test

AU - Alexy, Radka

AU - Kümpel, Tina

AU - Kümmerer, Klaus

N1 - Funding Information: The investigations were supported by the German Federal Environmental Agency (Grant No.: 298 63 722).

PY - 2004/11/1

Y1 - 2004/11/1

N2 - Large quantities of antibiotics are used in health care. After administration, they are discharged into the effluent and reach sewage treatment plants (STPs); if they are not degraded, they will eventually enter the environment. Antibiotics can affect bacteria in the environment and thus disturb natural elemental cycles. For this reason, it is necessary to take a closer look at the fate and effects of these substances in the environment. The biodegradability of 18 clinically important antibiotics and their effects on environmental bacteria was studied using the Closed Bottle Test (CBT) (OECD 301 D 1992). In addition, a toxicity control was performed in the CBT and the colony forming units (CFUs) were monitored. Disappearance of some of the 18 antibiotics was monitored by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis. The antibiotics were used in two concentrations: (a) according to OECD 301 D in the mg/l-range and (b) on the basis of calculated concentrations in the influent of STPs in the μg/l-range. None of the 18 antibiotics were readily biodegradable. The HPLC analysis showed that some substances were partially or even completely disappeared by a non-biotic mechanism. In the case of some antibiotics, partial biological removal took place in test vessels containing readily biodegradable sodium acetate and the test compound. However, in the toxicity control, toxicity had not been eliminated.

AB - Large quantities of antibiotics are used in health care. After administration, they are discharged into the effluent and reach sewage treatment plants (STPs); if they are not degraded, they will eventually enter the environment. Antibiotics can affect bacteria in the environment and thus disturb natural elemental cycles. For this reason, it is necessary to take a closer look at the fate and effects of these substances in the environment. The biodegradability of 18 clinically important antibiotics and their effects on environmental bacteria was studied using the Closed Bottle Test (CBT) (OECD 301 D 1992). In addition, a toxicity control was performed in the CBT and the colony forming units (CFUs) were monitored. Disappearance of some of the 18 antibiotics was monitored by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis. The antibiotics were used in two concentrations: (a) according to OECD 301 D in the mg/l-range and (b) on the basis of calculated concentrations in the influent of STPs in the μg/l-range. None of the 18 antibiotics were readily biodegradable. The HPLC analysis showed that some substances were partially or even completely disappeared by a non-biotic mechanism. In the case of some antibiotics, partial biological removal took place in test vessels containing readily biodegradable sodium acetate and the test compound. However, in the toxicity control, toxicity had not been eliminated.

KW - ANALYSIS

KW - ANTIBIOTIC

KW - Antibiotics

KW - bacteria

KW - BACTERIUM

KW - biodegradability

KW - Biological

KW - CHEMICALS

KW - chromatography

KW - Closed Bottle Test

KW - COMPOUND

KW - concentration

KW - Control

KW - Degradation

KW - effect

KW - effects

KW - effluent

KW - ENVIRONMENT

KW - environmental

KW - fate

KW - GERMANY

KW - HEALTH

KW - HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - HPLC

KW - HPLC ANALYSIS

KW - liquid

KW - liquid chromatography

KW - LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - MECHANISM

KW - OECD

KW - PERFORMANCE

KW - PLANT

KW - PLANTS

KW - REMOVAL

KW - SEAWATER

KW - sewage

KW - sewage treatment

KW - sewage treatment plant

KW - sewage treatment plants

KW - SEWAGE-TREATMENT

KW - soil

KW - STP

KW - SUBSTANCES

KW - Test

KW - TOXICITIES

KW - toxicity

KW - treatment

KW - TREATMENT PLANTS

KW - TREATMENT-PLANT

KW - UNIT

KW - UNITS

KW - WASTE-WATER BACTERIA

KW - Chemistry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=4444332732&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/34557eed-8f7e-30ce-bf39-11770744e31a/

U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.024

DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.024

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 15350412

VL - 57

SP - 505

EP - 512

JO - Chemosphere

JF - Chemosphere

SN - 0045-6535

IS - 6

ER -