A new draft law on environmental licensing (Bill 2159/2021) approved in the Brazilian Congress last July 17 represents a major threat to the Brazilian ecosystems. The bill aims to simplify the environmental licensing process in Brazil, an essential process for economic activities. Proponents argue that the current system is excessively bureaucratic, delaying projects that are important to the country's development. However, it represents a setback in environmental protection and social participation in decisions that affect Brazilian rich biomes. If the bill is approved, it will affect Brazilian ecosystems conservation and restoration, hence water security, climate stability, and the well-being of the entire population across all six Brazilian biomes.

The bill makes it easier for projects to be approved, for instance allowing self-licensing, an auto declaration of good conduct. It also limits public participation in licensing decisions by reducing the number of public hearings. In addition, states and municipalities would have more autonomy to issue licenses, but not all have the technical knowledge to do it responsibly. Finally, the new proposed law brings amnesty for past environmental violations by pardoning environmental liabilities of companies that undertake new commitments.

Making environmental licensing more flexible and easier in Brazil has negative impacts on ecological restoration. As the bill reduces environmental monitoring and control, it could allow inappropriate ecological restoration practices. It may also result in fewer restoration projects (as compensatory measures), leading to a more fragmented and degraded landscape. In addition, inappropriate assessment of environmental impacts in degrading activities can worsen environmental conditions, making ecological restoration difficult to succeed.

Now the proposal goes to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva for sanction or veto, and it must be decided in the next few days. We, scientists, environmentalists, and conscious Brazilian citizens, do hope for a veto.