Robot control and navigation represent one of the most challenging topics in terms of industrial applications, as well as scientific issues. In particular, in engineering mathematics, this topic is significant and continues to attract international interest. In fact, theoretical and application aspects are strictly connected in this field. Applied mathematical aspects in engineering play a crucial role in driving future investigations and advancements. Advanced mathematical algorithms play a tremendous role in robot industrial applications and represent the basis of any progress in this area. The present reprint contains 13 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue "Mathematics in Robot Control for Theoretical and Applied Problems, 2023" of the MDPI journal Mathematics, covering a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications in robot control. These topics include, among others, elements related to robotics, control, navigation, and machine vision. It is hoped that the reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of robot control, as well as for those with the proper mathematical background who are willing to become familiar with recent advances in applications in engineering mathematics, particularly in mathematics for robot control, which has now entered almost all sectors of human life and activity.