When Do Pictures Help Learning from Expository Text? Multimedia and Modality Effects in Primary Schools

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Adding pictures to a text is very common in today’s education and might be especially beneficial for elementary school children, whose abilities to read and understand pure text have not yet been fully developed. Our study examined whether adding pictures supports learning of a biology text in fourth grade and whether the text modality (spoken or written) plays a role. Results indicate that overall, pictures enhanced learning but that the text should be spoken rather than written. These results are in line with instructional design principles derived from common multimedia learning theories. In addition, for elementary school children, it might be advisable to read texts out to the children. Reading by themselves and looking at pictures might overload children’s cognitive capacities and especially their visual channel. In this case, text and pictures would not be integrated into one coherent mental model, and effective learning would not take place.

Original languageEnglish
JournalResearch in Science Education
Volume47
Issue number3
Pages (from-to)685-704
Number of pages20
ISSN0157-244X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.06.2017
Externally publishedYes

    Research areas

  • Elementary school children, Modality effect, Multimedia effect, Multimedia learning, Split attention
  • Psychology

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  1. Andreas Bernard

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