Photo-degradation of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin at high pH: identification and biodegradability assessment of the primary by-products
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In: Chemosphere, Vol. 76, No. 4, 01.07.2009, p. 487-493.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Photo-degradation of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin at high pH: identification and biodegradability assessment of the primary by-products
AU - Vasconcelos, Tibiriça G.
AU - Henriques, Danielle M
AU - König, Armin
AU - Martins, Ayrton F
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
PY - 2009/7/1
Y1 - 2009/7/1
N2 - Photo-treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals in effluents is a topic currently under discussion. In some countries effluents from hospitals are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo-degradation in the environment can occur. However, photo-degradation does not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, photo-product biodegradability and toxicity against environmental bacteria is of interest. Hospital effluents have often a pH around 9. Therefore, photo-oxidation (150 W medium-pressure Hg-lamp, batch reactor) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied at pH 9. The primary elimination of CIP was monitored and structures of photo-products were assessed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five compounds were identified as probable products of photo-defluorination, -decarboxylation and loss of the piperazine moiety. These photo-products were not biodegradable in the Closed Bottle test - OECD 301D. They did not affect Vibrio fisheri in the applied concentrations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AB - Photo-treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals in effluents is a topic currently under discussion. In some countries effluents from hospitals are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo-degradation in the environment can occur. However, photo-degradation does not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, photo-product biodegradability and toxicity against environmental bacteria is of interest. Hospital effluents have often a pH around 9. Therefore, photo-oxidation (150 W medium-pressure Hg-lamp, batch reactor) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied at pH 9. The primary elimination of CIP was monitored and structures of photo-products were assessed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five compounds were identified as probable products of photo-defluorination, -decarboxylation and loss of the piperazine moiety. These photo-products were not biodegradable in the Closed Bottle test - OECD 301D. They did not affect Vibrio fisheri in the applied concentrations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Anti-Infective Agents
KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
KW - Ciprofloxacin
KW - Environmental Pollutants
KW - Environmental Remediation
KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
KW - Kinetics
KW - Photolysis
KW - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349283382&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/349aae84-c562-32e9-bd02-b8da6ba9eff9/
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 19375777
VL - 76
SP - 487
EP - 493
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
SN - 0045-6535
IS - 4
ER -