TY - JOUR

T1 - Photo-degradation of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin at high pH: identification and biodegradability assessment of the primary by-products

AU - Vasconcelos, Tibiriça G.

AU - Henriques, Danielle M

AU - König, Armin

AU - Martins, Ayrton F

AU - Kümmerer, Klaus

PY - 2009/7/1

Y1 - 2009/7/1

N2 - Photo-treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals in effluents is a topic currently under discussion. In some countries effluents from hospitals are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo-degradation in the environment can occur. However, photo-degradation does not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, photo-product biodegradability and toxicity against environmental bacteria is of interest. Hospital effluents have often a pH around 9. Therefore, photo-oxidation (150 W medium-pressure Hg-lamp, batch reactor) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied at pH 9. The primary elimination of CIP was monitored and structures of photo-products were assessed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five compounds were identified as probable products of photo-defluorination, -decarboxylation and loss of the piperazine moiety. These photo-products were not biodegradable in the Closed Bottle test - OECD 301D. They did not affect Vibrio fisheri in the applied concentrations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AB - Photo-treatment for the removal of pharmaceuticals in effluents is a topic currently under discussion. In some countries effluents from hospitals are directly emitted into open ditches without any further treatment and with very little dilution. Under such circumstances photo-degradation in the environment can occur. However, photo-degradation does not necessarily end up with the complete mineralization of a chemical. Therefore, photo-product biodegradability and toxicity against environmental bacteria is of interest. Hospital effluents have often a pH around 9. Therefore, photo-oxidation (150 W medium-pressure Hg-lamp, batch reactor) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied at pH 9. The primary elimination of CIP was monitored and structures of photo-products were assessed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five compounds were identified as probable products of photo-defluorination, -decarboxylation and loss of the piperazine moiety. These photo-products were not biodegradable in the Closed Bottle test - OECD 301D. They did not affect Vibrio fisheri in the applied concentrations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KW - Chemistry

KW - Anti-Infective Agents

KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

KW - Ciprofloxacin

KW - Environmental Pollutants

KW - Environmental Remediation

KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

KW - Kinetics

KW - Photolysis

KW - Tandem Mass Spectrometry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349283382&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/349aae84-c562-32e9-bd02-b8da6ba9eff9/

U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022

DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.022

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 19375777

VL - 76

SP - 487

EP - 493

JO - Chemosphere

JF - Chemosphere

SN - 0045-6535

IS - 4

ER -