TY - JOUR

T1 - Fast supercritical fluid extraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture and flame photometric detection for multiresidue screening of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in Brazil's medicinal plants

AU - Zuin, V. G.

AU - Yariwake, J. H.

AU - Bicchi, C.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Professor P. Rubiolo and C. Cordero (Università degli Studi di Torino), Dr. A. M. S. Pereira (UNAERP) for providing plant material, and the Brazilian research funding institutions CAPES and CNPq for their financial support, as well as for national and international (Brazil–Italy) fellowships.

PY - 2003/1/24

Y1 - 2003/1/24

N2 - A description is given of a rapid and environmentally friendly method to determine organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide multiresidues - malathion, methidathion, fenitrothion, fenthion, parathion-ethyl, parathion-methyl, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, chlorothalonil, tetradifon, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and dieldrin - in Passiflora alata Dryander and Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg. leaves by supercritical fluid extraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture and flame photometric detection (HRGC-ECD/FPD). The mild extraction conditions [pure CO2; 100 bar (1 bar=105 Pa) and 40°C (ρ=0.62 g/ml); 5 min static+10 min dynamic extraction time; ODS trap and elution with 1 ml n-hexane at 2 ml/min] allow for direct analysis by HRGC-ECD/FPD with no prior cleaning procedure. The method provides, in accordance with the validation criteria of the European Pharmacopoeia, analytical results that are similar or even better than the official procedures, and is simpler, faster and cheaper. Mean recoveries of 69.8-107.1% were obtained, with 1.4-14.7% reproducibility (RSD). The method was applied to analyse commercial samples of Passiflora L. from Brazil. Twenty-three percent of the samples showed the presence of the organochlorine or organophosphorus pesticide residue investigated.

AB - A description is given of a rapid and environmentally friendly method to determine organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide multiresidues - malathion, methidathion, fenitrothion, fenthion, parathion-ethyl, parathion-methyl, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, chlorothalonil, tetradifon, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and dieldrin - in Passiflora alata Dryander and Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg. leaves by supercritical fluid extraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture and flame photometric detection (HRGC-ECD/FPD). The mild extraction conditions [pure CO2; 100 bar (1 bar=105 Pa) and 40°C (ρ=0.62 g/ml); 5 min static+10 min dynamic extraction time; ODS trap and elution with 1 ml n-hexane at 2 ml/min] allow for direct analysis by HRGC-ECD/FPD with no prior cleaning procedure. The method provides, in accordance with the validation criteria of the European Pharmacopoeia, analytical results that are similar or even better than the official procedures, and is simpler, faster and cheaper. Mean recoveries of 69.8-107.1% were obtained, with 1.4-14.7% reproducibility (RSD). The method was applied to analyse commercial samples of Passiflora L. from Brazil. Twenty-three percent of the samples showed the presence of the organochlorine or organophosphorus pesticide residue investigated.

KW - Organochlorine compounds

KW - Organophosphorus compounds

KW - Passiflora spp.

KW - Pesticides

KW - Pharmaceutical analysis

KW - Plant materials

KW - Supercritical fluid extraction

KW - Chemistry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037462526&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01400-0

DO - 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01400-0

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 12580482

AN - SCOPUS:0037462526

VL - 985

SP - 159

EP - 166

JO - Journal of Chromatography A

JF - Journal of Chromatography A

SN - 0021-9673

IS - 1-2

ER -