TY - JOUR

T1 - Development and application of a simplified sampling method for volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances in indoor and environmental air

AU - Jahnke, Annika

AU - Huber, Sandra

AU - Temme, Christian

AU - Kylin, Henrik

AU - Berger, Urs

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the donation of standards from Scott Mabury, Univ. Toronto, Canada, and Norbert Socha, 3M, Germany. Kerstin Stebel provided the paraglider, and Armando Caba gave assistance with sampling. Friedhelm Jansen, MPI for Meteorology, Hamburg gave access to the sampling site and meteorological data. This study was partly financed by the German DAAD-project D/05/51603 and the Research Council of Norway (project DAADppp-06).

PY - 2007/9/14

Y1 - 2007/9/14

N2 - A new, fast and simple sampling method using commercially available Isolute ENV+ solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for the enrichment of neutral, volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) was developed and applied to selected air samples. The SPE cartridges showed good retention capacity for the target analytes, and most of the investigated compounds could be quantified in 20 m 3 indoor air. Employing the developed method, it was shown that high levels of selected fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and N-alkyl fluorooctane sulfonamides/-ethanols (FOSAs/FOSEs) evaporated from a paraglider. Furthermore, the new method was compared to the 'classical' approach using glass-fibre filters (GFFs) and XAD-2 resin sandwiched between polyurethane foam plugs (PUF/XAD/PUF) to investigate environmental air concentrations in metropolitan Hamburg. Due to the high counter pressure of SPE cartridges, only low-volume air sampling was feasible. Therefore, the trace levels of FOSAs/FOSEs occurring in environmental air could only be quantified occasionally in the samples enriched on SPE cartridges. However, quantitative analysis of the higher concentrated 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH was possible in all low-volume environmental air samples. Finally, the determination of ionic PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), bound to airborne particles in the air samples from Hamburg is described.

AB - A new, fast and simple sampling method using commercially available Isolute ENV+ solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for the enrichment of neutral, volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) was developed and applied to selected air samples. The SPE cartridges showed good retention capacity for the target analytes, and most of the investigated compounds could be quantified in 20 m 3 indoor air. Employing the developed method, it was shown that high levels of selected fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and N-alkyl fluorooctane sulfonamides/-ethanols (FOSAs/FOSEs) evaporated from a paraglider. Furthermore, the new method was compared to the 'classical' approach using glass-fibre filters (GFFs) and XAD-2 resin sandwiched between polyurethane foam plugs (PUF/XAD/PUF) to investigate environmental air concentrations in metropolitan Hamburg. Due to the high counter pressure of SPE cartridges, only low-volume air sampling was feasible. Therefore, the trace levels of FOSAs/FOSEs occurring in environmental air could only be quantified occasionally in the samples enriched on SPE cartridges. However, quantitative analysis of the higher concentrated 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH was possible in all low-volume environmental air samples. Finally, the determination of ionic PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), bound to airborne particles in the air samples from Hamburg is described.

KW - Chemistry

KW - Polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS)

KW - Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs)

KW - Fluorooctane sulfonamides/-ethanols (FOSAs/FOSEs)

KW - Air analysis

KW - Solid-phase extraction (SPE)

KW - Isolute ENV+

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548032598&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/31aef2d1-8190-382b-8204-0bd5aa675e30/

U2 - 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.068

DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.068

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 17659294

VL - 1164

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - Journal of Chromatography A

JF - Journal of Chromatography A

SN - 0021-9673

IS - 1-2

ER -