Assessing Effects Through Semi-Field and Field Toxicity Testing
Research output: Contributions to collected editions/works › Chapter › peer-review
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Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators. ed. / David Fischer; Thomas Moriarty. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, 2014. p. 95-119.
Research output: Contributions to collected editions/works › Chapter › peer-review
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TY - CHAP
T1 - Assessing Effects Through Semi-Field and Field Toxicity Testing
AU - Pettis, Jeff
AU - Tornier, Ingo
AU - Clook, Mark
AU - Wallner, Klaus
AU - Vaissiere, Bernard
AU - Stadler, Teodoro
AU - Hou, Wayne
AU - Maynard, Glynn
AU - Becker, Roland
AU - Coulson, Mike
AU - Jourdan, Pascal
AU - Vaughan, Mace
AU - Nocelli, Roberta C.F.
AU - Scott-Dupree, Cynthia
AU - Johansen, Erik
AU - Brittain, Claire
AU - Dinter, Axel
AU - Kasina, Muo
PY - 2014/7/14
Y1 - 2014/7/14
N2 - This chapter provides an overview of what to consider when planning or assessing either a semi-field or field study for toxicity testing. Elements in the design of semi-field and field studies encompass the study's objectives, the test organism, a study site, methods, endpoints, sample design, quality assurance and quality control standards, and the statistical analysis of the data. A semi-field study is designed to measure exposure or effects and is performed on a crop that is grown outdoors in an enclosed test system with controlled or confined exposure. A field study is designed to measure exposure or effects and is performed on a crop that is grown outdoors with no enclosure. The chapter describes the semi-field and field study for Apis and Non-Apis Bees. Monitoring schemes, for example, the UK Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS), rely on incidents being reported to a central organization.
AB - This chapter provides an overview of what to consider when planning or assessing either a semi-field or field study for toxicity testing. Elements in the design of semi-field and field studies encompass the study's objectives, the test organism, a study site, methods, endpoints, sample design, quality assurance and quality control standards, and the statistical analysis of the data. A semi-field study is designed to measure exposure or effects and is performed on a crop that is grown outdoors in an enclosed test system with controlled or confined exposure. A field study is designed to measure exposure or effects and is performed on a crop that is grown outdoors with no enclosure. The chapter describes the semi-field and field study for Apis and Non-Apis Bees. Monitoring schemes, for example, the UK Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS), rely on incidents being reported to a central organization.
KW - Apis bees
KW - Assessing effect
KW - Monitoring
KW - Non-apis bees
KW - Toxicity testing
KW - Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS)
KW - Biology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84927682677&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/9781118852408.ch9
DO - 10.1002/9781118852408.ch9
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84927682677
SN - 9781118852521
SP - 95
EP - 119
BT - Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators
A2 - Fischer, David
A2 - Moriarty, Thomas
PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
ER -