Assessing Effects Through Semi-Field and Field Toxicity Testing

Research output: Contributions to collected editions/worksChapterpeer-review

Authors

  • Jeff Pettis
  • Ingo Tornier
  • Mark Clook
  • Klaus Wallner
  • Bernard Vaissiere
  • Teodoro Stadler
  • Wayne Hou
  • Glynn Maynard
  • Roland Becker
  • Mike Coulson
  • Pascal Jourdan
  • Mace Vaughan
  • Roberta C.F. Nocelli
  • Cynthia Scott-Dupree
  • Erik Johansen
  • Claire Brittain
  • Axel Dinter
  • Muo Kasina

This chapter provides an overview of what to consider when planning or assessing either a semi-field or field study for toxicity testing. Elements in the design of semi-field and field studies encompass the study's objectives, the test organism, a study site, methods, endpoints, sample design, quality assurance and quality control standards, and the statistical analysis of the data. A semi-field study is designed to measure exposure or effects and is performed on a crop that is grown outdoors in an enclosed test system with controlled or confined exposure. A field study is designed to measure exposure or effects and is performed on a crop that is grown outdoors with no enclosure. The chapter describes the semi-field and field study for Apis and Non-Apis Bees. Monitoring schemes, for example, the UK Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS), rely on incidents being reported to a central organization.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationPesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators
EditorsDavid Fischer, Thomas Moriarty
Number of pages25
PublisherWiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
Publication date14.07.2014
Pages95-119
ISBN (print)9781118852521
ISBN (electronic)9781118852408
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 14.07.2014

    Research areas

  • Apis bees, Assessing effect, Monitoring, Non-apis bees, Toxicity testing, Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS)
  • Biology

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