Concentrations in ambient air and emissions of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in Zurich, Switzerland
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in: Environmental Science & Technology, Jahrgang 47, Nr. 13, 02.07.2013, S. 7045-7051.
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Concentrations in ambient air and emissions of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in Zurich, Switzerland
AU - Buser, Andreas M
AU - Kierkegaard, Amelie
AU - Bogdal, Christian
AU - MacLeod, Matthew
AU - Scheringer, Martin
AU - Hungerbühler, Konrad
PY - 2013/7/2
Y1 - 2013/7/2
N2 - Tens of thousands of tonnes of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) are used each year globally, which leads to high and continuous cVMS emissions to air. However, field measurements of cVMS in air and empirical information about emission rates to air are still limited. Here we present measurements of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in air for Zurich, Switzerland. The measurements were performed in January and February 2011 over a period of eight days and at two sites (city center and background) with a temporal resolution of 6-12 h. Concentrations of D5 and D6 are higher in the center of Zurich and range from 100 to 650 ng m(-3) and from 10 to 79 ng m(-3), respectively. These values are among the highest levels of D5 and D6 reported in the literature. In a second step, we used a multimedia environmental fate model parametrized for the region of Zurich to interpret the levels and time trends in the cVMS concentrations and to back-calculate the emission rates of D5 and D6 from the city of Zurich. The average emission rates obtained for D5 and D6 are 120 kg d(-1) and 14 kg d(-1), respectively, which corresponds to per-capita emissions of 310 mg capita(-1) d(-1) for D5 and 36 mg capita(-1) d(-1) for D6.
AB - Tens of thousands of tonnes of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) are used each year globally, which leads to high and continuous cVMS emissions to air. However, field measurements of cVMS in air and empirical information about emission rates to air are still limited. Here we present measurements of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in air for Zurich, Switzerland. The measurements were performed in January and February 2011 over a period of eight days and at two sites (city center and background) with a temporal resolution of 6-12 h. Concentrations of D5 and D6 are higher in the center of Zurich and range from 100 to 650 ng m(-3) and from 10 to 79 ng m(-3), respectively. These values are among the highest levels of D5 and D6 reported in the literature. In a second step, we used a multimedia environmental fate model parametrized for the region of Zurich to interpret the levels and time trends in the cVMS concentrations and to back-calculate the emission rates of D5 and D6 from the city of Zurich. The average emission rates obtained for D5 and D6 are 120 kg d(-1) and 14 kg d(-1), respectively, which corresponds to per-capita emissions of 310 mg capita(-1) d(-1) for D5 and 36 mg capita(-1) d(-1) for D6.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Air Pollutants
KW - Cities
KW - Environmental Monitoring
KW - Models, Theoretical
KW - Siloxanes
KW - Switzerland
U2 - 10.1021/es3046586
DO - 10.1021/es3046586
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 23421312
VL - 47
SP - 7045
EP - 7051
JO - Environmental Science & Technology
JF - Environmental Science & Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 13
ER -