TY - CHAP

T1 - Assessing Exposure of Pesticides to Bees

AU - Wisk, Joseph

AU - Pistorius, Jens

AU - Beevers, Mike

AU - Bireley, Richard

AU - Browning, Zac

AU - Chauzat, Marie Pierre

AU - Nikolakis, Alexander

AU - Overmyer, Jay

AU - Rose, Robyn

AU - Sebastien, Robert

AU - Vaissière, Bernard

AU - Maynard, Glynn

AU - Kasina, Muo

AU - Nocelli, Roberta C.F.

AU - Scott-Dupree, Cynthia

AU - Johansen, Erik

AU - Brittain, Claire

AU - Coulson, Mike

AU - Dinter, Axel

AU - Vaughan, Mace

PY - 2014/7/14

Y1 - 2014/7/14

N2 - An essential component of an ecological risk assessment is a prediction of exposure of the organisms being assessed. This chapter outlines exposure pathways for the different pesticide delivery methods, both nonsystemic and systemic, and discusses methods used to predict pesticide exposure to honey bees and non-Apis bees. It provides an outline of techniques employed to measure pesticide residues in relevant matrices and discusses higher tier field study designs that are used to refine bee exposure assessments for specific products. The chapter presents perspectives regarding pesticide application technologies that can be employed to mitigate bee exposure, as well as future research needs to further refine exposure assessments for this taxa. Workshop participants agreed that the most significant route of exposure to bees from foliar-applied pesticides is from both contact and oral exposure to contaminated pollen, nectar, and processed food.

AB - An essential component of an ecological risk assessment is a prediction of exposure of the organisms being assessed. This chapter outlines exposure pathways for the different pesticide delivery methods, both nonsystemic and systemic, and discusses methods used to predict pesticide exposure to honey bees and non-Apis bees. It provides an outline of techniques employed to measure pesticide residues in relevant matrices and discusses higher tier field study designs that are used to refine bee exposure assessments for specific products. The chapter presents perspectives regarding pesticide application technologies that can be employed to mitigate bee exposure, as well as future research needs to further refine exposure assessments for this taxa. Workshop participants agreed that the most significant route of exposure to bees from foliar-applied pesticides is from both contact and oral exposure to contaminated pollen, nectar, and processed food.

KW - Honey bees

KW - Nectar

KW - Non-Apis bees

KW - Pesticide

KW - Risk assessment

KW - Biology

KW - Ecosystems Research

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84927678665&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/efebef72-0061-32ce-8e72-2e77d8328203/

U2 - 10.1002/9781118852408.ch7

DO - 10.1002/9781118852408.ch7

M3 - Chapter

AN - SCOPUS:84927678665

SN - 9781118852521

SP - 45

EP - 74

BT - Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators

A2 - Fischer, David

A2 - Moriarty, Thomas

PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia

ER -