Men in prototypical female occupations – How masculine hobbies can boost their agencyDespite increasing gender equality in our modern societies, gender segregation remains in some domains. Generally, research shows gender segregation in some occupations through the overrepresentation of men in agentic, high-status, and well-paying jobs and the overrepresentation of women in communal, low-status, and not well-paying jobs. This gender segregation has received much attention and researchers and policy makers have investigated and discussed the obstacles women face in high-status domains in order to develop interventions that close the gender gap. However, much less attention has been given to the fact that not only are women underrepresented in agentic occupations, but men are also underrepresented in communal occupations (Croft, Block, & Schmader, 2015). Based on role congruity theory (Eagly & Diekman, 2005) and the model developed by Craft and colleagues (2015), the present work investigates in a set of cross-national studies whether men in communal roles can restore their masculinity by showing masculine behavior in a different domain. In detail, we conducted a study in Norway, the US, and Germany, with female participants (total N = 569). Participants read a social media profile of a male person in which we manipulated occupation (surgeon vs. nurse) and hobbies (neutral vs. masculine). We predicted that when the profile person worked in a feminine occupation (nurse), masculine hobbies (e.g., mixed martial arts) would restore his agency. Despite some variations between countries, the results mainly supported our prediction. The role of masculinity in modern societies and the remaining restrictions that go along with it will be discussed.