Albert Viethen was chairman of the University Children’s Hospital in Erlangen from 1939 to 1945. After the war he was accused of having referred up to 20 children to the “Kinderfachabteilung” in Ansbach where they were killed in accordance with National Socialism’s policy of child euthanasia. The authors come to this conclusion: Viethen is clearly to be exonerated in six cases, and in two cases he is to be considered exonerated because of incomplete documents. One case cannot be judged because of missing documents. Viethen was responsible for referring 11 children to Ansbach. While four of these children probably died of natural causes, seven were most certainly killed with phenobarbital. His knowledge of child euthanasia is probable, since it was practiced systematically at that time, but there is no prove for it. A review of Viethen’s personality and career shows the fate of a physician during National Socialism, standing at the edge of criminal and anti-Hippocratic measures.