TY - JOUR

T1 - Running off the road

T2 - roadside non-native plants invading mountain vegetation

AU - McDougall, Keith L.

AU - Lembrechts, Jonas

AU - Rew, Lisa J.

AU - Haider, Sylvia

AU - Cavieres, Lohengrin A.

AU - Kueffer, Christoph

AU - Milbau, Ann

AU - Naylor, Bridgett J.

AU - Nuñez, Martin A.

AU - Pauchard, Anibal

AU - Seipel, Tim

AU - Speziale, Karina L.

AU - Wright, Genevieve T.

AU - Alexander, Jake M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.

PY - 2018/12

Y1 - 2018/12

N2 - Prevention is regarded as a cost-effective management action to avoid unwanted impacts of non-native species. However, targeted prevention can be difficult if little is known about the traits of successfully invading non-native species or habitat characteristics that make native vegetation more resistant to invasion. Here, we surveyed mountain roads in seven regions worldwide, to investigate whether different species traits are beneficial during primary invasion (i.e. spread of non-native species along roadside dispersal corridors) and secondary invasion (i.e. percolation from roadsides into natural adjacent vegetation), and to determine if particular habitat characteristics increase biotic resistance to invasion. We found primary invasion up mountain roads tends to be by longer lived, non-ruderal species without seed dispersal traits. For secondary invasion, we demonstrate that both traits of the non-native species and attributes of the receiving natural vegetation contribute to the extent of invasion. Non-native species that invade natural adjacent vegetation tend to be shade and moisture tolerant. Furthermore, non-native species invasion was greater when the receiving vegetation was similarly rich in native species. Our results show how mountain roads define which non-native species are successful; first by favouring certain traits in mountain roadsides (the key dispersal pathway to the top), and secondly by requiring a different set of traits when species invade the natural adjacent vegetation. While patterns in species traits were observed at a global level, regional abiotic and biotic variables largely generated region-specific levels of response, suggesting that management should be regionally driven.

AB - Prevention is regarded as a cost-effective management action to avoid unwanted impacts of non-native species. However, targeted prevention can be difficult if little is known about the traits of successfully invading non-native species or habitat characteristics that make native vegetation more resistant to invasion. Here, we surveyed mountain roads in seven regions worldwide, to investigate whether different species traits are beneficial during primary invasion (i.e. spread of non-native species along roadside dispersal corridors) and secondary invasion (i.e. percolation from roadsides into natural adjacent vegetation), and to determine if particular habitat characteristics increase biotic resistance to invasion. We found primary invasion up mountain roads tends to be by longer lived, non-ruderal species without seed dispersal traits. For secondary invasion, we demonstrate that both traits of the non-native species and attributes of the receiving natural vegetation contribute to the extent of invasion. Non-native species that invade natural adjacent vegetation tend to be shade and moisture tolerant. Furthermore, non-native species invasion was greater when the receiving vegetation was similarly rich in native species. Our results show how mountain roads define which non-native species are successful; first by favouring certain traits in mountain roadsides (the key dispersal pathway to the top), and secondly by requiring a different set of traits when species invade the natural adjacent vegetation. While patterns in species traits were observed at a global level, regional abiotic and biotic variables largely generated region-specific levels of response, suggesting that management should be regionally driven.

KW - Biology

KW - Biotic resistance

KW - Elevation gradient

KW - Management

KW - Primary invasion

KW - Secondary invasion

KW - Traits

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049080634&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/dc4c3dcb-e1bb-314a-bab5-6a4418cda8e1/

U2 - 10.1007/s10530-018-1787-z

DO - 10.1007/s10530-018-1787-z

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:85049080634

VL - 20

SP - 3461

EP - 3473

JO - Biological Invasions

JF - Biological Invasions

SN - 1387-3547

IS - 12

ER -