In contrast to popular assumptions there is no consistent evidence that vocational demands in teachers result in elevated rates of psychiatric disorders. In fact elevated burnout experience and early retirements reflect complex social and legal conditions in the public sector. With the AGIL program a job-specific group therapy concept for mentally stressed teachers is available, in addition to symptom-specific treatment-as-usual. Naturalistic inpatient treatment of teachers in 2012 (76.8 % depression) achieved 67.9 % response in depression scores. Specific treatment effects of AGIL are reported. In addition first results of a current prevention study at schools can demonstrate that a modified AGIL concept is well accepted. Especially teachers with high levels of mental stress (indicated prevention) could achieve a reduction in subclinical depressive symptoms (d = .58) that could be maintained until twelve months post-treatment (follow-up). Issues of teacher health should increasingly be incorporated in education and continuous training of teachers.