This chapter deals with the link between research and practice in the field of performance measurement for sustainable supply chain management. The development and current state of methods to measure and manage sustainability performance are examined by means of a literature review and discussed in light of the Higg Index, a tool developed in the corporate practice of the textiles industry which is analysed based on 18 in-depth interviews with experts on the Higg Index. The data areused to examine how far a method developed and used in corporate practice corresponds with approaches proposed in the research literature. The example of the Higg Index indicates that corporate practice may be more advanced in some areas than researchers generally assume. At the same time, it seems to be following conventional business practices and avoids relevant actions to meaningfully enhance sustainable development.