TY - CHAP

T1 - Overview of Non-Apis Bees

AU - Vaughan, Mace

AU - Vaissière, Bernard

AU - Maynard, Glynn

AU - Kasina, Muo

AU - Nocelli, Roberta C.F.

AU - Scott-Dupree, Cynthia

AU - Johansen, Erik

AU - Brittain, Claire

AU - Coulson, Mike

AU - Dinter, Axel

PY - 2014/7/14

Y1 - 2014/7/14

N2 - Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are frequently employed in pesticide toxicity testing either as a representative species (i.e., surrogate) for pollinating insects (such as in the European Union (EU)) or in other cases to represent other non-target terrestrial invertebrates. Bees exhibit a wide range of social behaviors, but depending on their interdependency, bees can be broadly divided into two groups: social or solitary. Most of the non-Apis bee toxicity testing conducted in Europe has been on bumble bees, and in particular Bombus terrestris, which is the main species used for commercial pollination. It is clear that non-Apis bees play an important role in supporting diverse plant communities, and an increasingly important role in agriculture. They differ from honey bees in their biological characteristics, which consequently may make them subject to unique exposure routes, as well as unique challenges when it comes to risk management.

AB - Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are frequently employed in pesticide toxicity testing either as a representative species (i.e., surrogate) for pollinating insects (such as in the European Union (EU)) or in other cases to represent other non-target terrestrial invertebrates. Bees exhibit a wide range of social behaviors, but depending on their interdependency, bees can be broadly divided into two groups: social or solitary. Most of the non-Apis bee toxicity testing conducted in Europe has been on bumble bees, and in particular Bombus terrestris, which is the main species used for commercial pollination. It is clear that non-Apis bees play an important role in supporting diverse plant communities, and an increasingly important role in agriculture. They differ from honey bees in their biological characteristics, which consequently may make them subject to unique exposure routes, as well as unique challenges when it comes to risk management.

KW - Bumble bees

KW - Honey bees

KW - Non-Apis Bee

KW - Pesticide

KW - Risk management

KW - Toxicity test

KW - Biology

KW - Ecosystems Research

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84927684978&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/9781118852408.ch3

DO - 10.1002/9781118852408.ch3

M3 - Chapter

AN - SCOPUS:84927684978

SN - 9781118852521

SP - 5

EP - 18

BT - Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators

PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia

ER -