Effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen supply on growth and yield of winter barley cultivated in a crop rotation
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In: Field Crops Research, Vol. 110, No. 3, 28.02.2009, p. 185-196.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen supply on growth and yield of winter barley cultivated in a crop rotation
AU - Manderscheid, Remy
AU - Pacholski, A.
AU - Frühauf, Cathleen
AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim
PY - 2009/2/28
Y1 - 2009/2/28
N2 - The increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration [CO 2] has been demonstrated to stimulate growth of C 3 crops. Although barley is one of the important cereals of the world, little information exists about the effect of elevated [CO 2] on grain yield of this crop, and realistic data from field experiments are lacking. Therefore, winter barley was grown within a crop rotation over two rotation cycles (2000 and 2003) at present and elevated [CO 2](375 ppm and 550 ppm) and at two levels of nitrogen supply (adequate (N2): 262 kg ha -1 in 1st year and 179 kg ha -1 in 2nd year) and 50% of adequate (N1)). The experiments were carried out in a free air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) system in Braunschweig, Germany. The reduction in nitrogen supply decreased seasonal radiation absorption of the green canopy under ambient [CO 2] by 23%, while CO 2 enrichment had a positive effect under low nitrogen (+8%). Radiation use efficiency was increased by CO 2 elevation under both N levels (+12%). The CO 2 effect on final above ground biomass was similar for both nitrogen treatments (N1: +16%; N2: +13%). CO 2 enrichment did not affect leaf biomass, but increased ear and stem biomass. In addition, final stem dry weight was higher under low (+27%) than under high nitrogen (+13%). Similar findings were obtained for the amount of stem reserves available during grain filling. Relative CO 2 response of grain yield was independent of nitrogen supply (N1: +13%; N2: +12%). The positive CO 2 effect on grain yield was primarily due to a higher grain number, while changes of individual grain weight were small. This corresponds to the findings that under low nitrogen grain growth was unaffected by CO 2 and that under adequate nitrogen the positive effect on grain filling rate was counterbalanced by shortening of grain filling duration.
AB - The increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration [CO 2] has been demonstrated to stimulate growth of C 3 crops. Although barley is one of the important cereals of the world, little information exists about the effect of elevated [CO 2] on grain yield of this crop, and realistic data from field experiments are lacking. Therefore, winter barley was grown within a crop rotation over two rotation cycles (2000 and 2003) at present and elevated [CO 2](375 ppm and 550 ppm) and at two levels of nitrogen supply (adequate (N2): 262 kg ha -1 in 1st year and 179 kg ha -1 in 2nd year) and 50% of adequate (N1)). The experiments were carried out in a free air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) system in Braunschweig, Germany. The reduction in nitrogen supply decreased seasonal radiation absorption of the green canopy under ambient [CO 2] by 23%, while CO 2 enrichment had a positive effect under low nitrogen (+8%). Radiation use efficiency was increased by CO 2 elevation under both N levels (+12%). The CO 2 effect on final above ground biomass was similar for both nitrogen treatments (N1: +16%; N2: +13%). CO 2 enrichment did not affect leaf biomass, but increased ear and stem biomass. In addition, final stem dry weight was higher under low (+27%) than under high nitrogen (+13%). Similar findings were obtained for the amount of stem reserves available during grain filling. Relative CO 2 response of grain yield was independent of nitrogen supply (N1: +13%; N2: +12%). The positive CO 2 effect on grain yield was primarily due to a higher grain number, while changes of individual grain weight were small. This corresponds to the findings that under low nitrogen grain growth was unaffected by CO 2 and that under adequate nitrogen the positive effect on grain filling rate was counterbalanced by shortening of grain filling duration.
KW - Biology
KW - Elevated Co2
KW - Fsvcr
KW - Green area index
KW - Hordeum vulgare
KW - Nitrogen supply
KW - radiation unse efficiency
KW - Yield
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=58149270956&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.08.002
DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.08.002
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:58149270956
VL - 110
SP - 185
EP - 196
JO - Field Crops Research
JF - Field Crops Research
SN - 0378-4290
IS - 3
ER -