Analysis of benzalkonium chloride in the effluent from European hospitals by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ion-pairing and fluorescence detection
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In: Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 774, No. 1-2, 11.07.1997, p. 281-286.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of benzalkonium chloride in the effluent from European hospitals by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ion-pairing and fluorescence detection
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
AU - Eitel, Andreas
AU - Braun, Ulrich
AU - Hubner, Peter
AU - Daschner, Franz D.
AU - Mascart, Georges
AU - Milandri, Milena
AU - Reinthaler, Franz
AU - Verhoef, Jan
PY - 1997/7/11
Y1 - 1997/7/11
N2 - A highly reproducible and specific method for the analysis of the quaternary ammonium compound, benzalkonium chloride, in effluents from European hospitals is presented. Benzalkonium chloride was extracted with end-capped RP-18 solid-phase cartridges and was selectively eluted. The resulting solution was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After elution from the analytical column of the HPLC system, 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate was added continuously as a fluorescence marker, forming a hydrophobic ion-pair with benzalkonium chloride. The ion-pair was analysed by fluorescence detection. The method was applied to highly complex effluent samples from different sized European hospitals. The measured concentrations were between 0.05 and 6.03 mg/l. The amounts emitted per bed and year were 4.5-362 g and did not correlate with the size of the hospital. The total amounts were 2.6-909 kg/year
AB - A highly reproducible and specific method for the analysis of the quaternary ammonium compound, benzalkonium chloride, in effluents from European hospitals is presented. Benzalkonium chloride was extracted with end-capped RP-18 solid-phase cartridges and was selectively eluted. The resulting solution was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After elution from the analytical column of the HPLC system, 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate was added continuously as a fluorescence marker, forming a hydrophobic ion-pair with benzalkonium chloride. The ion-pair was analysed by fluorescence detection. The method was applied to highly complex effluent samples from different sized European hospitals. The measured concentrations were between 0.05 and 6.03 mg/l. The amounts emitted per bed and year were 4.5-362 g and did not correlate with the size of the hospital. The total amounts were 2.6-909 kg/year
KW - Chemistry
KW - AMMONIA
KW - Ammonium
KW - ANALYSIS
KW - benzalkonium chloride
KW - CATIONIC SURFACTANTS
KW - CHLORIDE
KW - chromatography
KW - COLUMN
KW - COMPOUND
KW - derivatization
KW - LC
KW - detection
KW - dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate
KW - disinfectants
KW - effluent
KW - EFFLUENTS
KW - EUROPEAN HOSPITALS
KW - EXTRACTION
KW - FLUORESCENCE
KW - FLUORESCENCE DETECTION
KW - fluorescence labelling
KW - HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW - HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW - hospital effluent
KW - HPLC
KW - liquid
KW - liquid chromatography
KW - LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW - Marker
KW - quaternary ammonium compounds
KW - SAMPLES
KW - SIZE
KW - solid phase extraction
KW - SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION
KW - SURFACTANTS
KW - SYSTEM
KW - Benzalkonium chloride
KW - Derivatization, LC
KW - Dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate
KW - Disinfectants
KW - Fluorescence labelling
KW - Hospital effluent
KW - Quaternary ammonium compounds
KW - Surfactants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0342894768&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00242-2
DO - 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00242-2
M3 - Journal articles
VL - 774
SP - 281
EP - 286
JO - Journal of Chromatography A
JF - Journal of Chromatography A
SN - 0021-9673
IS - 1-2
ER -