TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of benzalkonium chloride in the effluent from European hospitals by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column ion-pairing and fluorescence detection

AU - Kümmerer, Klaus

AU - Eitel, Andreas

AU - Braun, Ulrich

AU - Hubner, Peter

AU - Daschner, Franz D.

AU - Mascart, Georges

AU - Milandri, Milena

AU - Reinthaler, Franz

AU - Verhoef, Jan

PY - 1997/7/11

Y1 - 1997/7/11

N2 - A highly reproducible and specific method for the analysis of the quaternary ammonium compound, benzalkonium chloride, in effluents from European hospitals is presented. Benzalkonium chloride was extracted with end-capped RP-18 solid-phase cartridges and was selectively eluted. The resulting solution was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After elution from the analytical column of the HPLC system, 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate was added continuously as a fluorescence marker, forming a hydrophobic ion-pair with benzalkonium chloride. The ion-pair was analysed by fluorescence detection. The method was applied to highly complex effluent samples from different sized European hospitals. The measured concentrations were between 0.05 and 6.03 mg/l. The amounts emitted per bed and year were 4.5-362 g and did not correlate with the size of the hospital. The total amounts were 2.6-909 kg/year

AB - A highly reproducible and specific method for the analysis of the quaternary ammonium compound, benzalkonium chloride, in effluents from European hospitals is presented. Benzalkonium chloride was extracted with end-capped RP-18 solid-phase cartridges and was selectively eluted. The resulting solution was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After elution from the analytical column of the HPLC system, 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate was added continuously as a fluorescence marker, forming a hydrophobic ion-pair with benzalkonium chloride. The ion-pair was analysed by fluorescence detection. The method was applied to highly complex effluent samples from different sized European hospitals. The measured concentrations were between 0.05 and 6.03 mg/l. The amounts emitted per bed and year were 4.5-362 g and did not correlate with the size of the hospital. The total amounts were 2.6-909 kg/year

KW - Chemistry

KW - AMMONIA

KW - Ammonium

KW - ANALYSIS

KW - benzalkonium chloride

KW - CATIONIC SURFACTANTS

KW - CHLORIDE

KW - chromatography

KW - COLUMN

KW - COMPOUND

KW - derivatization

KW - LC

KW - detection

KW - dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate

KW - disinfectants

KW - effluent

KW - EFFLUENTS

KW - EUROPEAN HOSPITALS

KW - EXTRACTION

KW - FLUORESCENCE

KW - FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

KW - fluorescence labelling

KW - HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - hospital effluent

KW - HPLC

KW - liquid

KW - liquid chromatography

KW - LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - Marker

KW - quaternary ammonium compounds

KW - SAMPLES

KW - SIZE

KW - solid phase extraction

KW - SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION

KW - SURFACTANTS

KW - SYSTEM

KW - Benzalkonium chloride

KW - Derivatization, LC

KW - Dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate

KW - Disinfectants

KW - Fluorescence labelling

KW - Hospital effluent

KW - Quaternary ammonium compounds

KW - Surfactants

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0342894768&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00242-2

DO - 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00242-2

M3 - Journal articles

VL - 774

SP - 281

EP - 286

JO - Journal of Chromatography

JF - Journal of Chromatography

SN - 0021-9673

IS - 1-2

ER -