How can liberal democracies defend themselves against authoritarian threats from within? All over Europe and beyond, the upsurge of right-wing populist and neo-fascist parties raises the question of how liberal democracies can prepare for potential anti-democratic majorities in their parliaments and protect democracy and the rule of law against hostile takeovers. Does the protection of liberal democracy justify illiberal means?

Talk at Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies & Harvard European Law Association