TY - JOUR

T1 - Validation of the Later Life Workplace Index (LLWI) across 17 countries

AU - Finsel, Julia

AU - Axelrad, Hila

AU - Bolat, Oya

AU - Bolat, Tamer

AU - Choi, Su-Jung

AU - Derous, Eva

AU - Desai, Tripti

AU - Goštautaitė, Bernadeta

AU - Grežo, Matúš

AU - Gu, Xiuzhu

AU - Guandalini, Paolo

AU - Ha, Jaeyoung

AU - Lauring, Jakob

AU - Marcus, Justin

AU - Moasa, Horia

AU - Mourao, Luciana

AU - Noro, Flavia

AU - Marzec, Izabela

AU - Oliveira, Eduardo

AU - Pajic, Sofija

AU - Perek-Białas , Jolanta

AU - Petreikienė, Dovilė

AU - Richter, Nicole F.

AU - Schellaert, Maaike

AU - Seidl, Juliana

AU - Silberg, Michal

AU - Silberg, Slavka

AU - Sollár, Tomáš

AU - Stoyanova, Stanislava

AU - van der Heijden, Beatrice

AU - Vignoli, Michela

AU - Wöhrmann, Anne Marit

AU - Le, Yen Hai

AU - Deller, Jürgen

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Against the background of demographic change and skills shortage, human resource management needs to adopt organizational practices for an aging workforce in many countries around the globe. The Later Life Workplace Index (LLWI) is a nine-domain measurement tool that assesses such practices. We validate the LLWI across 17 countries – namely Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Türkiye – representing diverse cultural and institutional contexts. Data were collected between 2019 and 2025 with an average sample size of 320 participants per country, resulting in 5,444 participants. The 80-item LLWI was translated from German or English to the respective target languages using a back-translation technique. We first assessed the measurement model with a CFA and determined convergent, discriminant, criterion, and predictive validity for each country. Then we conducted a multi-group CFA for cross-country analysis. Findings largely support the validity and applicability of the LLWI on the country level, although some country-specific variations warrant further investigation. Measurement invariance analysis provides evidence that the LLWI is suitable for cross-country comparisons. By validating the LLWI across 17 countries, this study has the potential to offer a foundational contribution to international HRM research.

AB - Against the background of demographic change and skills shortage, human resource management needs to adopt organizational practices for an aging workforce in many countries around the globe. The Later Life Workplace Index (LLWI) is a nine-domain measurement tool that assesses such practices. We validate the LLWI across 17 countries – namely Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Türkiye – representing diverse cultural and institutional contexts. Data were collected between 2019 and 2025 with an average sample size of 320 participants per country, resulting in 5,444 participants. The 80-item LLWI was translated from German or English to the respective target languages using a back-translation technique. We first assessed the measurement model with a CFA and determined convergent, discriminant, criterion, and predictive validity for each country. Then we conducted a multi-group CFA for cross-country analysis. Findings largely support the validity and applicability of the LLWI on the country level, although some country-specific variations warrant further investigation. Measurement invariance analysis provides evidence that the LLWI is suitable for cross-country comparisons. By validating the LLWI across 17 countries, this study has the potential to offer a foundational contribution to international HRM research.

M3 - Journal articles

JO - Human Resource Management

JF - Human Resource Management

SN - 0090-4848

ER -