Climate change poses a substantial risk to ecosystems and global stability. Reducing global CO2 emissions while improving living standards to assure social stability is the critical challenge of our time. Innovation in technology is the most promising approach, enabling electrification, renewable energy production and enhanced energy efficiency (3 E's) to substantially reduce carbon emissions. Industrial metrology can enable innovation cycles and significantly enhance product and manufacturing efficiency. Yet its role in decarbonization remains largely unexamined in scientific literature. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing the role of industrial metrology as an enabler for decarbonization. Innovative approaches and emerging technologies through which metrology contributes to the development of new, more efficient products and production processes that enable decarbonization, are identified. The analysis of 3E Sectors examines the impact of industrial measurement technology on the pursuit of decarbonization, with a particular focus on battery production.