lt is hypothesized that psychological strategy process characteristics, such as complete planning, critical point planning, opportunistic, and reactive, as weil as entrepreneurial orientation (autonomy, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and risk taking) are related to entrepreneurial success. In addition, the research examined whether perceived environmental difficulties moderate this relationship. A cross-sectional interview-based study of 87 small-scale business owners in Namibia was used. Results show that complete planning and a high entrepreneurial orientation of the owners was positively and a reactive strategy was negatively related to business success. Moreover, there were moderator effects of perceived environmental difficulties on the relationship between entrepreneurial orien­ tation and success.