TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of free-air CO 2 enrichment and nitrogen supply on grain quality parameters and elemental composition of wheat and barley grown in a crop rotation

AU - Erbs, Martin

AU - Manderscheid, Remy

AU - Jansen, Gisela

AU - Seddig, Sylvia

AU - Pacholski, A.

AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim

PY - 2010/2/15

Y1 - 2010/2/15

N2 - With respect to European growth conditions very little information is available on how future atmospheric CO 2 concentrations [CO 2] might affect quality characteristics of important crops. Winter wheat cv. 'Batis' and winter barley cv. 'Theresa' were grown for two growing seasons each under ambient [CO 2] (ca. 375 μmol mol -1) and elevated [CO 2] (550 μmol mol -1) with two different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (adequate N supply / ca. 50% of adequate N) in the course of a six year crop rotation. Effects on grain quality and grain elemental composition were investigated. Grain crude protein concentrations were lowered under elevated [CO 2] by -4% to -13% in wheat and by -11% to -13% in barley. Reduced N supply decreased crude protein concentrations in wheat and barley by -14% to -22% and by -12% to -19%, respectively. In both species, starch concentration was increased by +4% on average due to reduced N fertilization. In wheat, both CO 2 enrichment and low N supply reduced the activity of total and soluble β-amylase (-11% and -7%), Hagberg falling number (-7%), and single kernel hardness (-18%). In barley, both of the treatments induced reductions in the viscosity of the water extract (-25% on average). Concerning minerals, sulphur concentrations were depleted under both elevated [CO 2] and low N supply by averages of -5% in wheat and -14% in barley. Reduced N supply caused -8% lower means of wheat grain calcium concentrations and reduced zinc concentrations on average by -23%. According to these results, flour from cereal grains grown under elevated [CO 2] and/or low N fertilization will have a diminished nutritional and processing quality and an altered elemental composition.

AB - With respect to European growth conditions very little information is available on how future atmospheric CO 2 concentrations [CO 2] might affect quality characteristics of important crops. Winter wheat cv. 'Batis' and winter barley cv. 'Theresa' were grown for two growing seasons each under ambient [CO 2] (ca. 375 μmol mol -1) and elevated [CO 2] (550 μmol mol -1) with two different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (adequate N supply / ca. 50% of adequate N) in the course of a six year crop rotation. Effects on grain quality and grain elemental composition were investigated. Grain crude protein concentrations were lowered under elevated [CO 2] by -4% to -13% in wheat and by -11% to -13% in barley. Reduced N supply decreased crude protein concentrations in wheat and barley by -14% to -22% and by -12% to -19%, respectively. In both species, starch concentration was increased by +4% on average due to reduced N fertilization. In wheat, both CO 2 enrichment and low N supply reduced the activity of total and soluble β-amylase (-11% and -7%), Hagberg falling number (-7%), and single kernel hardness (-18%). In barley, both of the treatments induced reductions in the viscosity of the water extract (-25% on average). Concerning minerals, sulphur concentrations were depleted under both elevated [CO 2] and low N supply by averages of -5% in wheat and -14% in barley. Reduced N supply caused -8% lower means of wheat grain calcium concentrations and reduced zinc concentrations on average by -23%. According to these results, flour from cereal grains grown under elevated [CO 2] and/or low N fertilization will have a diminished nutritional and processing quality and an altered elemental composition.

KW - Ecosystems Research

KW - Elevated carbon dioxide

KW - FACE

KW - Microelements

KW - Hordeum

KW - Stoichiometry

KW - Triticum

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=74849112333&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.009

DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.009

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:74849112333

VL - 136

SP - 59

EP - 68

JO - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

SN - 0167-8809

IS - 1-2

ER -