The chapter on work design and performance provides a review of the work characteristics that have been linked to performance outcomes such as proficiency, adaptivity, proactivity/creativity, and safety performance. Using Stephen Humphrey and colleagues’ meta-analysis as a starting point, it provides an update on more recent research and broadens the perspective of relevant work characteristics. As linkage between work characteristics and performance, research on motivation, learning, and cognitive capacity is discussed. Recommendation for future research include a stronger focus on learning and cognitive capacity as explanations of how work design affects performance, incorporating a distinction of primary and secondary tasks into theorizing.