Transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere: A state of the art
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In: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Vol. 115, No. 1-4, 10.1999, p. 219-243.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere
T2 - A state of the art
AU - Atkinson, Roger
AU - Guicherit, Rob
AU - Hites, Ronald A.
AU - Palm, Wolf Ulrich
AU - Seiber, James N.
AU - De Voogt, Pim
PY - 1999/10
Y1 - 1999/10
N2 - The current knowledge about transformation rates and products of pesticides in the atmosphere is reviewed. Reactive species and their concentrations in the atmosphere are presented. Reactions of pesticides with these species (including photolysis) in the gas and the particulate phase are evaluated from available experimental data. The potential of estimation methods is discussed. Experimental techniques for laboratory and outdoor measurements are reviewed. Finally, an estimation is made of uncertainties in atmospheric lifetimes due to chemical or physical reactions. It is concluded that the most important transformation of pesticides in the atmosphere is due to reaction with OH radicals. Very few experimental data for pesticides are available though. The levels of uncertainty in OH radical concentrations are acceptable, however, for a proper estimation of atmospheric removal rates due to reactions with OH radicals of those pesticides for which experimental transformation rates (of homologues) are available.
AB - The current knowledge about transformation rates and products of pesticides in the atmosphere is reviewed. Reactive species and their concentrations in the atmosphere are presented. Reactions of pesticides with these species (including photolysis) in the gas and the particulate phase are evaluated from available experimental data. The potential of estimation methods is discussed. Experimental techniques for laboratory and outdoor measurements are reviewed. Finally, an estimation is made of uncertainties in atmospheric lifetimes due to chemical or physical reactions. It is concluded that the most important transformation of pesticides in the atmosphere is due to reaction with OH radicals. Very few experimental data for pesticides are available though. The levels of uncertainty in OH radical concentrations are acceptable, however, for a proper estimation of atmospheric removal rates due to reactions with OH radicals of those pesticides for which experimental transformation rates (of homologues) are available.
KW - Atmospheric lifetimes
KW - Pesticides
KW - Reaction rates
KW - Transformation products
KW - Chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033215225&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1023/A:1005286313693
DO - 10.1023/A:1005286313693
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:0033215225
VL - 115
SP - 219
EP - 243
JO - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
JF - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
SN - 0049-6979
IS - 1-4
ER -